Strengthen the cultivator loose soil For the current low temperature of the cotton field, soil moisture, heavy incidence, we must strengthen the cultivator loose soil. We can do early cultivating, more cultivating, and deep cultivating. The cultivator has the effect of breaking down soil compaction, eliminating weeds, increasing soil permeability, increasing soil temperature, lowering wetness, effectively controlling the spread of diseases, promoting roots to lower shoots, and promoting strong seedlings and early-onset hair growth. A survey of three rainy years in five counties and cities in Weifang Prefecture, Shandong Province from the beginning of May to June 10: 6-8 times of cultivating in the seedling stage of cotton, 1-1.4°C higher than the ground temperature of 5-10 cm in three times of cultivating, The number of true leaves per plant was 0.6-1.4 pieces, and the incidence rate of diseased seedlings was reduced by 24.1%, and buds emerged 2-4 days earlier. The cultivator should be shallow and deep first, and more cultivators and deep cultivators should be used when there is more rain and low temperatures. The depth of cultivating between rows should be 4-6 cm, and it should gradually reach 8-10 cm. Intercropping 3-4 cm should be appropriate. Cotton mulching is not suitable for cultivating intercropping, and when cultivating between rows, care should be taken to protect the mulch.
Check the seedlings as soon as possible, "half the whole seedlings, missing three points missing seedlings." Seedling deficiency is an important factor affecting production. The author's many years of investigation: the lack of seedlings can reduce the production of 7.6-12..8%, 30% of seedlings can reduce production by more than 15%. Check the seedlings as early as possible, and strive to achieve the same size of cotton seedlings, and lay a good foundation for the harvest. Checking the seedlings should not be delayed as soon as possible. After the inspection of the seedlings in May, the seedling transplanting method can be used to ensure the survival rate. When the seedling age is small, the seedling transplanting method can be applied. When the seedling age is relatively large, transplanting with the soil and soil method is required. For the lack of seedlings, the time is late, but not to stay in the fields, you can choose to use the summer cotton seed replanting. More than 40% of the plots lack of seedlings, it is necessary to take the opportunity to decisively change the type of summer cotton or other crops.
Appropriate time to set seedlings and seedlings at appropriate time will not only facilitate the management of intercropping and pest management, but also prevent overcrowding of seedlings, overcome conflicts between water and fertilizers, reduce water and fertilizer consumption and disease transmission, and be beneficial to the growth and development of individuals and promote the healthy growth of seedlings. Measures. After checking and filling the seedlings, 2-3 strains of each seedling are selected for the seedlings, on-demand seedlings, and individual plants are selected for the drill seedlings. The distance between strains and plants is 3-5 cm. General cotton field, 1-2 pieces of true leaf when Dingmiao; salt-alkali land Dingmiao delayed to 2-3 true leaves Dingmiao. For the two ends of the ridges, two strains can be selected to compensate for the loss due to lack of seedlings.
Prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests There are many types of plant diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage and the damage is heavy. Most of the cotton fields were sown this year without applying pesticides. The degree of occurrence of diseases and insect pests will be heavier than usual and should be prevented and treated in a timely manner. The main pests are cotton grasshoppers, red spiders, ground tigers, and thrips; the main diseases are blight, anthracnose, and root rot. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of pests and diseases and use comprehensive measures to achieve timely prevention and control. Make full use of the natural enemy's harmful effects and minimize the use of chemical pesticides. The ratio of ladybugs to aphids is in the range of 1:120 and no application of pesticides is required. Combining with fixed seedlings, the waste seedlings are brought out of the fields to be buried deep or accumulated, preventing pests on waste seedlings from transferring to the seedlings. Try to use pesticides that are not harmful to natural enemies or that are lightly harmed. When Aphis gossypii single plant 3 leaves before the true leaf roll up to 5% -10%, 4-7 true leaves when the rolling leaf strains up to 10% -20%; Red spider's insects up to 20%; Ground tigers accounted for 10% of the victims before the seedlings were sown, and when the seedlings reached 5% after the seedlings were sprayed, they were immediately sprayed. Chrysanthemum, phoxim, endosulfan, avermectin EC and other pesticides can be used to control a variety of pests at the same time. Practice has shown that the "Bei soil drying root" method, the effect of prevention and treatment of seedling stem disease is better than pesticides. The method is to avoid the high temperature stage before and after noon, it is best to after 4 pm, the soil around the cotton seedlings gently to 1-2 cm to expose the base of the stem, after 2-3 days drying, until the young stems lignification Afterwards, seal the soil in time to prevent the lodging of seedlings. Pesticides that prevent and control disease of the seedlings can be selected from Bordeaux mixture, carbendazim, or dexamethasone. Spray pesticides to achieve a uniform and thoughtful, once every 5-7 days, even spray 2-3 times.
Although the planting seedlings are low in seedlings, they are slow to grow and require less fertilizer, but due to their low root system and low absorption capacity, they are very sensitive to fertilizers, and the lack of fertilizers can seriously affect the growth. In view of the shortage of basic fertilizers in most cotton fields this year, the severity of diseases of cotton seedlings, and the slow growth and development, it is more important to top-up Miaofei in time. Before spraying, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed as early as possible. After Dingmiao, it is necessary to apply topdressing fertilizer once, and apply 4-6 kilograms of urea per acre. Open the ditch and apply it 10 cm away from the seedlings.
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