Daping No. 2 is a high-yield, good-bred species introduced from Japan. Its mature carcass is 32-130 mm long, dark red, flat, fleshy and yellow at the tail. It is slow in movement, gentle in personality, and gregarious. It is particularly suitable for high density. Cultured, like to live in decomposing swine cow dung, carcass dry matter contains protein 70%, crude fat 8.5%, crude fiber 1.7% nitrogen-free extract 19. 4% crude ash 9.5%, calcium 1.6%, phosphorus 1.24%, equivalent to the nutritional value of imported fishmeal.
Daping No. 2 蚯蚓 hermaphrodite, 蚯蚓 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ®It also breeds eggs. Therefore, the high breeding rate and high yield of Daping No. 2 are unmatched by the local quails. According to our experiment: Under the normal culture techniques, 500 pods are stocked at one time, and they can breed. More than 750,000, breeding ratio 1:1500, the following will introduce the main breeding techniques:
First, the living environment:
1. Temperature: As a variable temperature animal, body temperature changes with changes in the outside world, so the ambient temperature directly affects the body's soft movements, metabolism, growth and development and breeding, usually: the activity temperature of apes is 5-30. Between 0 and 5 degrees dormancy; below 0 degrees death, the optimum temperature in 20-28 degrees, 28-30 degrees to maintain a certain degree of growth; stagnation growth above 32 degrees; 10 degrees below the activity is slow; 40 degrees or more death; temperature The egg hatching time has the greatest influence. Usually 20-degree quail eggs hatch for 36 days, and hatch at 112 degrees for 10 degrees, hatch at 40 degrees for 40 days, and the hatching rate is 30 percent above 30 degrees. Therefore: to maximize the breeding rate of quail eggs. With the highest weight gain, it is necessary to pay attention in the breeding process to cover the shade in summer, cool the sprinkling water, cover the straw in winter, and cover with double-layer mulch insulation.
2. Humidity; phlegm does not have breathing organs, is to use the skin for breathing, so the body must be kept moist. If placed in a monotonous environment, its skin cannot remain moist for a period of time and cannot breathe properly. It will die shortly after the scene occurs. Therefore, to avoid the loss of water loss is the key to survival. Of course, too wet soil is not conducive to the growth and development of earthworms. According to our many years of experimentation, it is advisable that the feed should contain 71-80% water. Eggs in the hatchery feed water content of 50-60% is appropriate.
3, pH; phlegm is very sensitive to the pH, because of its various parts of the body surface are scattered on the acid and alkali have the ability to feel the chemical sensation, phlegm in the strong acid and alkali environment can not survive for a weak acid and alkali conditions have a certain adaptability. According to our experiment, Daping No. 2 grows the most eggs in the field of pH (acidity and alkalinity) 8-9. In other words: 蚯蚓 adapt to live in a weakly alkaline environment, which also shows that the PH value has the greatest impact on the survival of earthworms. Special attention should be paid to: adjusting the pH of the feed, not using strong acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. Sodium, quicklime and other strong bases. Only the following weak acids and weak bases can be used as neutralizers: alkaline neutralizers use calcium carbonate, acidic neutralizers use acetic acid, and citric acid.
4. Ventilation: Relying on the oxygen that is diffused into the earth by the atmosphere to breathe, the better the soil and feed, the more prosperous the metabolism, the more eggs are laid and the maturity period is shortened. If the content of carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide in the feed is too high, the cockroach will flee or die in large numbers. It has been reported that when ammonia in the feed exceeds 20%, it causes the secretion of mucus mucus to increase and die. More than 15% of hydrogen sulfide can cause neurological death in sputum. More than 15% of methane can cause helium blood to flow out and die. Therefore, the feed must be fully fermented prior to feeding, and the fermented feed is preferably fed or fed for a period of time.
5. Light: Although there are no eyes, there are many photoreceptors on the entire body surface. Therefore, there is a sensitive reaction to light, blue light stimulates cockroaches, red light does not, and ultraviolet light is harmful, so experiment and observation activities It is best to perform under low light and red light. Some cockroaches die on the ground after the rain. Part of the cause is the effect of ultraviolet light on cockroaches. Therefore, 蚯蚓 is usually active at night and is afraid of the sun. Therefore, the shed must be shaded and the sun must not be allowed to shine.
6. Density; The size of alfalfa breeding density will largely influence the environmental change and thus have a great impact on the yield and cost of alfalfa. The small density of the entire area, the proliferation of multiples, low yield, cost human and material resources. However, because of the high density, foods, oxygen, and other insufficient metabolites accumulate too much, cause environmental pollution, and lead to crowded living spaces, leading to increased competition for survival among ticks, slower weight gain, lower fertility rates, spread of pests and diseases, increased mortality, and survival. Run away. Therefore, the stocking density of Daping No. 2 hatched to 40,000 per cubic meter in a month; 20,000 per cubic meter for 1-1. 5 months; 10,000 per cubic meter for 1. 5- 2 months; Polyculture 2-25,000 per cubic meter is appropriate. If the breeding density is increased, it will restrict the normal growth and development of the alfalfa, and the yield will decline. Therefore, the breeding beds should be expanded in time to adjust the breeding density and harvesting, which is an effective way to increase production.
7, natural enemies and diseases; natural enemies of the cricket include predators and parasitoids; breeds of mammals in predatory natural enemies; birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, annelids, etc.; Natural enemies include various species of worms, nematodes, parasitic flies, and roundworms.
1. The predatory mammals are: rodents, weasels, wild boars, etc. The rats of the vole are particularly fond of oysters, because they are good at burrowing, and often drill into the breeding bed to feed a large number of feed and feed. Almost all birds are greedy for food, and chickens, ducks, and oysters are familiar to people. Pheasants, turkeys, thrushes, peacocks and wild ducks are all rivals. Sparrows are regular visitors to the breeding farms. Although they occasionally eat some earthworms, they mainly eat their natural enemies; Snakes and frogs are often eaten in the wild and in farms. When they are found in farms, they eat a lot. In arthropods, many insects are natural enemies of crickets; for example, ants and termites not only often build nests in breeding beds, grab feeds for crickets, but also often attack young cubs, and drag quail eggs into nests as reserve food. Also attacked with big swarms. In addition, cockroaches also kill cockroaches, spiders sometimes kill cockroaches, and cockroaches also love to eat cockroaches. Once they enter the farm, they will kill and eat many cockroaches in a short period of time. The number of hunts is highest. In spiders and cockroaches where watering is excessive and dark and moist, it is easier to emerge.
2. There are many species of rodents and nematodes parasitizing in the crickets. The crickets are the intermediate hosts of these parasites. During the period of their lives, these parasites not only live in crickets, but also perform certain stages of growth and development in the pupa and suck the bodily fluids. For nutrition, causing damage to cockroaches. Some parasitic flies also lay eggs in the quail. For example, parasitizing black flies can produce multiple eggs in the quail. Soon, these eggs can hatch 1-4 larvae. They take in the body's nutrients, damage the internal tissues, and gradually grow and develop the last larvae to mature. Among parasitic animals, some protozoa parasitize the esophagus, body, blood vessels, testes, and quail eggs, making it one of the parasite's main parasites. The ectoparasites and fleas are often attached to the body wall and suck their body fluids or puncture the eggs and suck their juice. Like a grasshopper, it can suck blood and it can often be killed in a few minutes. Control methods; Mammals: Birds can usually be poisoned by poisonous baits. Ants can use sugar water, trichlorfon mixed rice, meat and other poisonous kill. Snakes, crickets, etc. can be prevented and captured. The rest of the parasite natural enemies prevention methods; is a reasonable mix of feed.
3. Acidity and alkalinity diseases; protein poisoning and hyperacidity, edema, and acute sputum. The performance is that the body of the cockroach has emerged from the body, giving rise to red and swollen joints, and increased body mucus secretion. Often crawling round the farm bed or drilling to the bottom of the bed does not eat, and finally the body turned to white and died. Some sicknesses have also emerged with the appearance of body-segment breaks and broken eggs. The cause of illness is acidification of feed, high pH or toxic or toxic gases. Therefore, proper management of proper feed management is the most effective method of prevention and control.
Second, the preparation of feed
1. The choice of feed; it has a well-developed digestive system and strong digestion. However, it is mainly dominated by erosive organic matter. Only non-toxic, high or low pH, low salinity, organic matter that can decompose under the action of microorganisms can be used as feed (but do not eat growing plant organic matter) any animal manure, lees, and paper And wood and other processed organic wastes, waste paper materials, organic wastes in garbage, activated sludge, all kinds of fallen leaves, rotting roots, rotten fruits, vegetables and other meals, rice soup, animal blood, and various insect larvae, Eggs and animal carcasses can be used as feed. Although it is an omnivorous animal, it can feed on a variety of organic substances, but it is selective for food that is palatability. Daping No.2 has chosen to eat fermented and decomposed livestock manure compost, protein, and glycogen rich feed, especially sweet and savory foods such as smashed fruits and bananas. Its daily production is 0.3-1 times its own weight. The feed intake of alfalfa has also changed due to its growth and development stages, food varieties and environmental conditions. To determine the advantages of feed, the main aspects are as follows:
(1.) Whether the feed used is fully fermented and organic matter is fully decomposed.
(2.) Whether the feed contains other bacteria, ants, cockroaches, etc., if any, should be eliminated.
(3.) Whether the feed is fluffy, whether harmful gases are distributed, or whether there are any toxic substances such as pesticides.
2, feed formulations, processing, modulation, determination of the detention of my 11 years of feeding practice, come to such two feed formulations; pig cow dung 60% weeds 30% of the fertile soil 10% can often feed rotten fruit, pigs Manure, cow dung, chicken dung, 20% straw, 40%, and rice soup with sweet foods are more effective. All in all, the organic matter in the feedstuffs is so good that it has good palatability for fermented mash, with fine and rotten, nutritious, easily digested and absorbed. After the feed is ready, we must cut short and remove inorganic substances such as stones, tiles, metals, plastics, and glass, as well as toxic and harmful substances that are harmful to earthworms. Afterwards, we will start the fermentation process.
Feed fermentation methods usually adopt high-temperature composting. Specifically speaking, first lay a layer of straw, then spread a layer of pig cow dung, and then spread a layer of loam. Repeated several times in this way, the length, breadth and height of the fertilizer can be considered as the amount of feed and the range of feeding can be large. However, one must pay attention to the fact that every layer must be filled with water once. After a good heap of fat, if the temperature is high 4-5 days can be raised to 70-80 °C. Afterwards, it will gradually decline. When the temperature of the reactor falls by 60°C, it will be turned and rebuilt. After 7 days for the second time, the system will be turned every 3 to 5 days. Usually, it will be fed 3-6 times. It is worth noting that, each time the dumping must be thoroughly carried out, turn the above to the bottom, turn it around to the middle, mix the feed and mix well, if the feed is found to be monotonous, add water, and turn the stack to improve the air conditions. Adjust moisture and distribute harmful gases. The undecomposed feedstuffs in the bottom layer and in the periphery are placed in the lush part of the microbial activity, which enhances the continued growth of microorganisms and speeds up the brewing process in the composting process. To avoid heavy rain showers, plastic cloth can be placed on the surface of the composted feed. Do not lead to excessive moisture and loss of feed. 2. The mix ratio of fecal material and dry material should be appropriate. For example, too much fecal material often causes the material stack to be pressed too tightly, resulting in poor ventilation and slow rise of material temperature. The feed after fermentation is often dark and sticky and smelly. If there are too many grasses, the stock material is too loose, the water evaporates too quickly, the heap material is dry, and the feed cannot be fully fermented. 3. Water should be added properly. If the water content is too low, a large number of actinomycetes such as white spore bacteria can easily be produced under the monotonous conditions of high temperature. In this case, add water to adjust. 4. It is necessary to control the number of turnings and the time of heaping, because too little fermentation time and a small number of turnings often result in the feed not being able to fully ferment. On the contrary, if the fermentation is excessive, the energy consumption of nutrients in the feed is excessive, resulting in unnecessary waste.
3. Identification of feed After the feed is composted and fermented, it must be fed through the identification ability. There are two identification methods. Sensory identification; such as feed color dark brown, no peculiar texture, soft, sticky, that is, decomposed. 2. Physiological appraisal method; that is, after sensory preliminary identification of decomposed, but also after the shower solution, that is, water from the top of the heap down spray, water injection until the bottom of the water droplets to discharge some harmful gases (such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane Such as) and harmful substances (such as excessive inorganic salts and pesticides) in doing so will cause the water-soluble nutrients to be lost, but less profitable. After that, a small part of this feed was placed on the culture bed. After a night of 1-2 days, if there were a large number of cockroaches entering the inhabitants, eating without abnormal reactions confirmed that the feed was qualified and could be officially fed in large quantities.
4. The carbon and nitrogen content of feed is similar to that of other animals. In order to maintain normal life, it requires a variety of nutrients. The main nutritional index is the carbon-nitrogen ratio. It refers to the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in feed. Daping No. 2 has a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 10:2-3. The carbon-nitrogen ratio after feed fermentation has generally declined, which is a normal sight. If the feed carbon to nitrogen ratio is too low (indicating too much nitrogen), it can often lead to protein poisoning. If the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is too high (indicating that nitrogen is too little), nitrogen-based nutrients will be insufficient to produce poor growth and low growth. In view of the above reasons, to ensure that the growth of the alfalfa grows faster, and to properly match the alfalfa's feed. For example, if feeds with high carbon content (such as rice straw and wheat straw have carbon and nitrogen ratios of 45. 6 and 79.8 respectively) and feeds with high nitrogen content (such as various livestock and poultry manure) are frequently used, the feeds will be varied. This is better than feeding a single feed for a long period of time.
5, feed ph value adjustment 蚯蚓 feed usually solicit ph value in the 6-9 area, but there are many animal destroyer ph value is often higher or lower than this value such as the value of the animal bluff is 7. 5-9 Therefore, it is necessary to properly adjust the feed of earthworms to make it close to neutral. The following describes two methods;
1. Acetic acid regulation method; When the feed ph value of 9 can use acetic acid as a buffer, the amount added to the feed weight 0. 01 - 1% (weight ratio) can be adjusted to pH 6-7. Too little added, the effect is not great. More than 1% results in a sharp drop in egg production. In particular, it is worth mentioning that urea can also be used as a source of niobium for niobium, but the amount added is limited to 0.01-0.4%. After adjusting the ph value by acetic acid, the amount of urea added can be increased to 1% as nitrogen. Insufficient feed utilization invented the conditions.
2. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate adjustment method; When the feed ph value of 6 or less, can be added 0. 01-0. 5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the feed ph value was adjusted to 6-7. Dihydrogen diammonium phosphate can not exceed 0.5% cause; First, to avoid the alkalization of feed. The second is to prevent the production of quail eggs from falling.
6. Feeding method of feed
1. Feeding method for feeding a group of holes; making the feed into round spherical masses and embedding them in the soil where the earthworms inhabit, this method is relatively safe, and at the same time, because the earthworms gather around the masses, especially the young birds often inhabit. The appearance of material groups is convenient for viewing and analyzing 蚯蚓. This method is seldom adopted because it is relatively time-consuming to manufacture and discharge groups, but it has unique application value in scientific research.
2. On the cast; one of the methods commonly used in production. The feed is placed on the external surface of the roaching habitat. When you see that the feed on the surface of the culture bed becomes more wormy feces, you can feed a layer (5 to 10 cm thick) on the top of the breeding bed. The new feed will be distributed on the night of 1-2 days. Actively enter the new feed for feeding and inhabiting. This method is convenient for viewing feed utilization. Feeding is convenient, but because the moisture in the new feed is infiltrated, the old materials and scats and water that are underneath are often more, and the quail eggs are gradually buried deeper in the ground, often causing adverse effects on hatching.
3. Under the method of investment; that is, feed under the old material, this method applies to the new breeding bed, but also applies to the old farm with a wider empty pool. It can put a new feed on one side and cover the old material on the new material. The advantage of the downcast method is that it is conducive to the hatching of quail eggs in old materials. When the old material is picked in the bottom of the new feed, it is also conducive to the elimination of earthworm excrement; its disadvantage is in the old When the material is not eliminated, the feed of the new material is not completely consumed and the feed is wasted.
4. Side-injection method: The new feed is placed on the side of the old feed. Soon after, clams will actively enter the new feed to feed and inhabit, while the young quail enter less slowly, so it is conducive to adult larvae and puppies. The difference between quail eggs separates hatching and breeding.
three. Breeding method:
1. Fertilizer heap cultivation method: take decomposed feed piled 1-2 meters wide, 0. 5 meters high, variable length of the heap, then put the seed pods covered with straw and other objects shade, this method is suitable in April-October Outdoor breeding, but also indoor breeding.
2, feed pool culture method: This method is suitable for indoor and outdoor farming. The pond can be built on a flat ground, or it can be excavated to build a pond. The area is usually 5 to 10 square meters, and the depth of the pond is about 60 centimeters. There is a drainage hole at the bottom. When feeding, the 25 centimeters thick fermented feed is laid in the pond and put into the pond afterwards.èš“ shaded with straw or straw. The subsequent management is mainly to maintain proper humidity, add feed, and often ventilate. Outdoor breeding should be shaded by scaffolding or the feed pool should be built under the shade of the trees. When heavy rain is needed, it should be checked frequently to avoid accumulation of water.
3. Garden cultivation method; in the fruit tree or the rest of the tree rows ditch, feed the ditch, put the seed pods, cover the straw, you can also plant other crops, pay attention to maintain humidity, make up new materials, to avoid natural enemies, winter scaffolding, Keep warm with straw and film to avoid rain and snow drifting. In the summer, if the branches can not be shaded, they can also be covered and shaded, covered with straw to prevent evaporation of water and ground water to cool down.
4. A small area of ​​breeding; available tanks, tubs, water tanks and other objects feeding, whether indoor or outdoor feeding methods only need to adjust the feed, pay attention to the environmental climate of the beggars to seek heat, moisture, shading, to avoid natural enemies, can be high yield.
Fourth, the collection of skills;
1. Light capture method; remove the shade from the rearing pond, so that you can drill down and run lightly. After a while, you can scrape off a layer of dirt. This way, the layers will be scraped down because the sun shines and the layers of the sun will shine. Drill down and finally squat down to the bottom of the pool.
2. Water irrigation method; fill the feeding pond with water, so that 蚯蚓 drilled out of the surface to capture.
3. Digging method; that is, using the hoe to dig up the feed mud to capture, this method is costly and labor-intensive, it is easy to catch large and stay small.
4. Collect frequency; look at the density in the culture bed. The first harvest can be delayed in the early spring 60-90 days, and then can be harvested once a month, in order to ensure the balance of supply, can be divided into ditch farming and harvesting.
Fifth, the method of feeding livestock and poultry;
1. Keep chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowls and other livestock. First, remove the water and wash it with water, then soak it in 0.05% potassium permanganate for 15 minutes. Then remove the chopped feed. You can also cook the clams in boiling water for 3 to 5 minutes, remove the chopped mix and feed them. The spoiled sputum cannot be fed, lest it be poisoned. Only one week after hatching chicks can feed, the amount of 5% of the diet. One-month-old chicken can be increased to 10% -15%. Fatty chickens or laying hens can be increased to 20%. Duck's digestive ability can be properly increased. Feeding pigs can not be fed normally, and they are usually processed into loquat powder feeding, but should not exceed 8% of the daily diet. The processing method of lotus root powder; the earthworm is killed by boiling water, dried or dried and then processed and crushed. Usually 10 pounds of oysters can be processed into pounds of powder about 4 pounds. Feed snakes, various rodents, various frogs, whole insects, and cockroaches. Because they like to eat living things. Usually take the method of live feeding. Feed the loach, yellow cockroach, turtle, fish, shrimp, fish. Adapted to cook straight or fed feed. To feed grasshoppers, they should be soaked in clean water or rice water for 12 hours to completely extrude the mud, and then boiled and fed into the feed.
2. The amount of feed is appropriate. There is an r-formic acid in the body of the cockroach, which has anesthetic effect. If the livestock and poultry eat too much, it will cause gastro-intestinal paralysis, reduce appetite, and cause indigestion. And begging for a constant amount of feed, do not stop when feeding, when a lot of time, so as not to cause uneven weight gain or poisoning.
3. The insects are regularly de-wormed; the cockroaches themselves are the intermediate hosts of various parasites, and some parasitic pathogens are often transmitted to livestock artificially. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly feed the de-worming drugs on livestock and poultry to effectively avoid the occurrence of parasites of birds. Avoid undue loss and gain better economic benefits.
Daping No. 2 蚯蚓 hermaphrodite, 蚯蚓 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 互相 æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ® æ®It also breeds eggs. Therefore, the high breeding rate and high yield of Daping No. 2 are unmatched by the local quails. According to our experiment: Under the normal culture techniques, 500 pods are stocked at one time, and they can breed. More than 750,000, breeding ratio 1:1500, the following will introduce the main breeding techniques:
First, the living environment:
1. Temperature: As a variable temperature animal, body temperature changes with changes in the outside world, so the ambient temperature directly affects the body's soft movements, metabolism, growth and development and breeding, usually: the activity temperature of apes is 5-30. Between 0 and 5 degrees dormancy; below 0 degrees death, the optimum temperature in 20-28 degrees, 28-30 degrees to maintain a certain degree of growth; stagnation growth above 32 degrees; 10 degrees below the activity is slow; 40 degrees or more death; temperature The egg hatching time has the greatest influence. Usually 20-degree quail eggs hatch for 36 days, and hatch at 112 degrees for 10 degrees, hatch at 40 degrees for 40 days, and the hatching rate is 30 percent above 30 degrees. Therefore: to maximize the breeding rate of quail eggs. With the highest weight gain, it is necessary to pay attention in the breeding process to cover the shade in summer, cool the sprinkling water, cover the straw in winter, and cover with double-layer mulch insulation.
2. Humidity; phlegm does not have breathing organs, is to use the skin for breathing, so the body must be kept moist. If placed in a monotonous environment, its skin cannot remain moist for a period of time and cannot breathe properly. It will die shortly after the scene occurs. Therefore, to avoid the loss of water loss is the key to survival. Of course, too wet soil is not conducive to the growth and development of earthworms. According to our many years of experimentation, it is advisable that the feed should contain 71-80% water. Eggs in the hatchery feed water content of 50-60% is appropriate.
3, pH; phlegm is very sensitive to the pH, because of its various parts of the body surface are scattered on the acid and alkali have the ability to feel the chemical sensation, phlegm in the strong acid and alkali environment can not survive for a weak acid and alkali conditions have a certain adaptability. According to our experiment, Daping No. 2 grows the most eggs in the field of pH (acidity and alkalinity) 8-9. In other words: 蚯蚓 adapt to live in a weakly alkaline environment, which also shows that the PH value has the greatest impact on the survival of earthworms. Special attention should be paid to: adjusting the pH of the feed, not using strong acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. Sodium, quicklime and other strong bases. Only the following weak acids and weak bases can be used as neutralizers: alkaline neutralizers use calcium carbonate, acidic neutralizers use acetic acid, and citric acid.
4. Ventilation: Relying on the oxygen that is diffused into the earth by the atmosphere to breathe, the better the soil and feed, the more prosperous the metabolism, the more eggs are laid and the maturity period is shortened. If the content of carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide in the feed is too high, the cockroach will flee or die in large numbers. It has been reported that when ammonia in the feed exceeds 20%, it causes the secretion of mucus mucus to increase and die. More than 15% of hydrogen sulfide can cause neurological death in sputum. More than 15% of methane can cause helium blood to flow out and die. Therefore, the feed must be fully fermented prior to feeding, and the fermented feed is preferably fed or fed for a period of time.
5. Light: Although there are no eyes, there are many photoreceptors on the entire body surface. Therefore, there is a sensitive reaction to light, blue light stimulates cockroaches, red light does not, and ultraviolet light is harmful, so experiment and observation activities It is best to perform under low light and red light. Some cockroaches die on the ground after the rain. Part of the cause is the effect of ultraviolet light on cockroaches. Therefore, 蚯蚓 is usually active at night and is afraid of the sun. Therefore, the shed must be shaded and the sun must not be allowed to shine.
6. Density; The size of alfalfa breeding density will largely influence the environmental change and thus have a great impact on the yield and cost of alfalfa. The small density of the entire area, the proliferation of multiples, low yield, cost human and material resources. However, because of the high density, foods, oxygen, and other insufficient metabolites accumulate too much, cause environmental pollution, and lead to crowded living spaces, leading to increased competition for survival among ticks, slower weight gain, lower fertility rates, spread of pests and diseases, increased mortality, and survival. Run away. Therefore, the stocking density of Daping No. 2 hatched to 40,000 per cubic meter in a month; 20,000 per cubic meter for 1-1. 5 months; 10,000 per cubic meter for 1. 5- 2 months; Polyculture 2-25,000 per cubic meter is appropriate. If the breeding density is increased, it will restrict the normal growth and development of the alfalfa, and the yield will decline. Therefore, the breeding beds should be expanded in time to adjust the breeding density and harvesting, which is an effective way to increase production.
7, natural enemies and diseases; natural enemies of the cricket include predators and parasitoids; breeds of mammals in predatory natural enemies; birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, arthropods, annelids, etc.; Natural enemies include various species of worms, nematodes, parasitic flies, and roundworms.
1. The predatory mammals are: rodents, weasels, wild boars, etc. The rats of the vole are particularly fond of oysters, because they are good at burrowing, and often drill into the breeding bed to feed a large number of feed and feed. Almost all birds are greedy for food, and chickens, ducks, and oysters are familiar to people. Pheasants, turkeys, thrushes, peacocks and wild ducks are all rivals. Sparrows are regular visitors to the breeding farms. Although they occasionally eat some earthworms, they mainly eat their natural enemies; Snakes and frogs are often eaten in the wild and in farms. When they are found in farms, they eat a lot. In arthropods, many insects are natural enemies of crickets; for example, ants and termites not only often build nests in breeding beds, grab feeds for crickets, but also often attack young cubs, and drag quail eggs into nests as reserve food. Also attacked with big swarms. In addition, cockroaches also kill cockroaches, spiders sometimes kill cockroaches, and cockroaches also love to eat cockroaches. Once they enter the farm, they will kill and eat many cockroaches in a short period of time. The number of hunts is highest. In spiders and cockroaches where watering is excessive and dark and moist, it is easier to emerge.
2. There are many species of rodents and nematodes parasitizing in the crickets. The crickets are the intermediate hosts of these parasites. During the period of their lives, these parasites not only live in crickets, but also perform certain stages of growth and development in the pupa and suck the bodily fluids. For nutrition, causing damage to cockroaches. Some parasitic flies also lay eggs in the quail. For example, parasitizing black flies can produce multiple eggs in the quail. Soon, these eggs can hatch 1-4 larvae. They take in the body's nutrients, damage the internal tissues, and gradually grow and develop the last larvae to mature. Among parasitic animals, some protozoa parasitize the esophagus, body, blood vessels, testes, and quail eggs, making it one of the parasite's main parasites. The ectoparasites and fleas are often attached to the body wall and suck their body fluids or puncture the eggs and suck their juice. Like a grasshopper, it can suck blood and it can often be killed in a few minutes. Control methods; Mammals: Birds can usually be poisoned by poisonous baits. Ants can use sugar water, trichlorfon mixed rice, meat and other poisonous kill. Snakes, crickets, etc. can be prevented and captured. The rest of the parasite natural enemies prevention methods; is a reasonable mix of feed.
3. Acidity and alkalinity diseases; protein poisoning and hyperacidity, edema, and acute sputum. The performance is that the body of the cockroach has emerged from the body, giving rise to red and swollen joints, and increased body mucus secretion. Often crawling round the farm bed or drilling to the bottom of the bed does not eat, and finally the body turned to white and died. Some sicknesses have also emerged with the appearance of body-segment breaks and broken eggs. The cause of illness is acidification of feed, high pH or toxic or toxic gases. Therefore, proper management of proper feed management is the most effective method of prevention and control.
Second, the preparation of feed
1. The choice of feed; it has a well-developed digestive system and strong digestion. However, it is mainly dominated by erosive organic matter. Only non-toxic, high or low pH, low salinity, organic matter that can decompose under the action of microorganisms can be used as feed (but do not eat growing plant organic matter) any animal manure, lees, and paper And wood and other processed organic wastes, waste paper materials, organic wastes in garbage, activated sludge, all kinds of fallen leaves, rotting roots, rotten fruits, vegetables and other meals, rice soup, animal blood, and various insect larvae, Eggs and animal carcasses can be used as feed. Although it is an omnivorous animal, it can feed on a variety of organic substances, but it is selective for food that is palatability. Daping No.2 has chosen to eat fermented and decomposed livestock manure compost, protein, and glycogen rich feed, especially sweet and savory foods such as smashed fruits and bananas. Its daily production is 0.3-1 times its own weight. The feed intake of alfalfa has also changed due to its growth and development stages, food varieties and environmental conditions. To determine the advantages of feed, the main aspects are as follows:
(1.) Whether the feed used is fully fermented and organic matter is fully decomposed.
(2.) Whether the feed contains other bacteria, ants, cockroaches, etc., if any, should be eliminated.
(3.) Whether the feed is fluffy, whether harmful gases are distributed, or whether there are any toxic substances such as pesticides.
2, feed formulations, processing, modulation, determination of the detention of my 11 years of feeding practice, come to such two feed formulations; pig cow dung 60% weeds 30% of the fertile soil 10% can often feed rotten fruit, pigs Manure, cow dung, chicken dung, 20% straw, 40%, and rice soup with sweet foods are more effective. All in all, the organic matter in the feedstuffs is so good that it has good palatability for fermented mash, with fine and rotten, nutritious, easily digested and absorbed. After the feed is ready, we must cut short and remove inorganic substances such as stones, tiles, metals, plastics, and glass, as well as toxic and harmful substances that are harmful to earthworms. Afterwards, we will start the fermentation process.
Feed fermentation methods usually adopt high-temperature composting. Specifically speaking, first lay a layer of straw, then spread a layer of pig cow dung, and then spread a layer of loam. Repeated several times in this way, the length, breadth and height of the fertilizer can be considered as the amount of feed and the range of feeding can be large. However, one must pay attention to the fact that every layer must be filled with water once. After a good heap of fat, if the temperature is high 4-5 days can be raised to 70-80 °C. Afterwards, it will gradually decline. When the temperature of the reactor falls by 60°C, it will be turned and rebuilt. After 7 days for the second time, the system will be turned every 3 to 5 days. Usually, it will be fed 3-6 times. It is worth noting that, each time the dumping must be thoroughly carried out, turn the above to the bottom, turn it around to the middle, mix the feed and mix well, if the feed is found to be monotonous, add water, and turn the stack to improve the air conditions. Adjust moisture and distribute harmful gases. The undecomposed feedstuffs in the bottom layer and in the periphery are placed in the lush part of the microbial activity, which enhances the continued growth of microorganisms and speeds up the brewing process in the composting process. To avoid heavy rain showers, plastic cloth can be placed on the surface of the composted feed. Do not lead to excessive moisture and loss of feed. 2. The mix ratio of fecal material and dry material should be appropriate. For example, too much fecal material often causes the material stack to be pressed too tightly, resulting in poor ventilation and slow rise of material temperature. The feed after fermentation is often dark and sticky and smelly. If there are too many grasses, the stock material is too loose, the water evaporates too quickly, the heap material is dry, and the feed cannot be fully fermented. 3. Water should be added properly. If the water content is too low, a large number of actinomycetes such as white spore bacteria can easily be produced under the monotonous conditions of high temperature. In this case, add water to adjust. 4. It is necessary to control the number of turnings and the time of heaping, because too little fermentation time and a small number of turnings often result in the feed not being able to fully ferment. On the contrary, if the fermentation is excessive, the energy consumption of nutrients in the feed is excessive, resulting in unnecessary waste.
3. Identification of feed After the feed is composted and fermented, it must be fed through the identification ability. There are two identification methods. Sensory identification; such as feed color dark brown, no peculiar texture, soft, sticky, that is, decomposed. 2. Physiological appraisal method; that is, after sensory preliminary identification of decomposed, but also after the shower solution, that is, water from the top of the heap down spray, water injection until the bottom of the water droplets to discharge some harmful gases (such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane Such as) and harmful substances (such as excessive inorganic salts and pesticides) in doing so will cause the water-soluble nutrients to be lost, but less profitable. After that, a small part of this feed was placed on the culture bed. After a night of 1-2 days, if there were a large number of cockroaches entering the inhabitants, eating without abnormal reactions confirmed that the feed was qualified and could be officially fed in large quantities.
4. The carbon and nitrogen content of feed is similar to that of other animals. In order to maintain normal life, it requires a variety of nutrients. The main nutritional index is the carbon-nitrogen ratio. It refers to the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in feed. Daping No. 2 has a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 10:2-3. The carbon-nitrogen ratio after feed fermentation has generally declined, which is a normal sight. If the feed carbon to nitrogen ratio is too low (indicating too much nitrogen), it can often lead to protein poisoning. If the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is too high (indicating that nitrogen is too little), nitrogen-based nutrients will be insufficient to produce poor growth and low growth. In view of the above reasons, to ensure that the growth of the alfalfa grows faster, and to properly match the alfalfa's feed. For example, if feeds with high carbon content (such as rice straw and wheat straw have carbon and nitrogen ratios of 45. 6 and 79.8 respectively) and feeds with high nitrogen content (such as various livestock and poultry manure) are frequently used, the feeds will be varied. This is better than feeding a single feed for a long period of time.
5, feed ph value adjustment 蚯蚓 feed usually solicit ph value in the 6-9 area, but there are many animal destroyer ph value is often higher or lower than this value such as the value of the animal bluff is 7. 5-9 Therefore, it is necessary to properly adjust the feed of earthworms to make it close to neutral. The following describes two methods;
1. Acetic acid regulation method; When the feed ph value of 9 can use acetic acid as a buffer, the amount added to the feed weight 0. 01 - 1% (weight ratio) can be adjusted to pH 6-7. Too little added, the effect is not great. More than 1% results in a sharp drop in egg production. In particular, it is worth mentioning that urea can also be used as a source of niobium for niobium, but the amount added is limited to 0.01-0.4%. After adjusting the ph value by acetic acid, the amount of urea added can be increased to 1% as nitrogen. Insufficient feed utilization invented the conditions.
2. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate adjustment method; When the feed ph value of 6 or less, can be added 0. 01-0. 5% diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the feed ph value was adjusted to 6-7. Dihydrogen diammonium phosphate can not exceed 0.5% cause; First, to avoid the alkalization of feed. The second is to prevent the production of quail eggs from falling.
6. Feeding method of feed
1. Feeding method for feeding a group of holes; making the feed into round spherical masses and embedding them in the soil where the earthworms inhabit, this method is relatively safe, and at the same time, because the earthworms gather around the masses, especially the young birds often inhabit. The appearance of material groups is convenient for viewing and analyzing 蚯蚓. This method is seldom adopted because it is relatively time-consuming to manufacture and discharge groups, but it has unique application value in scientific research.
2. On the cast; one of the methods commonly used in production. The feed is placed on the external surface of the roaching habitat. When you see that the feed on the surface of the culture bed becomes more wormy feces, you can feed a layer (5 to 10 cm thick) on the top of the breeding bed. The new feed will be distributed on the night of 1-2 days. Actively enter the new feed for feeding and inhabiting. This method is convenient for viewing feed utilization. Feeding is convenient, but because the moisture in the new feed is infiltrated, the old materials and scats and water that are underneath are often more, and the quail eggs are gradually buried deeper in the ground, often causing adverse effects on hatching.
3. Under the method of investment; that is, feed under the old material, this method applies to the new breeding bed, but also applies to the old farm with a wider empty pool. It can put a new feed on one side and cover the old material on the new material. The advantage of the downcast method is that it is conducive to the hatching of quail eggs in old materials. When the old material is picked in the bottom of the new feed, it is also conducive to the elimination of earthworm excrement; its disadvantage is in the old When the material is not eliminated, the feed of the new material is not completely consumed and the feed is wasted.
4. Side-injection method: The new feed is placed on the side of the old feed. Soon after, clams will actively enter the new feed to feed and inhabit, while the young quail enter less slowly, so it is conducive to adult larvae and puppies. The difference between quail eggs separates hatching and breeding.
three. Breeding method:
1. Fertilizer heap cultivation method: take decomposed feed piled 1-2 meters wide, 0. 5 meters high, variable length of the heap, then put the seed pods covered with straw and other objects shade, this method is suitable in April-October Outdoor breeding, but also indoor breeding.
2, feed pool culture method: This method is suitable for indoor and outdoor farming. The pond can be built on a flat ground, or it can be excavated to build a pond. The area is usually 5 to 10 square meters, and the depth of the pond is about 60 centimeters. There is a drainage hole at the bottom. When feeding, the 25 centimeters thick fermented feed is laid in the pond and put into the pond afterwards.èš“ shaded with straw or straw. The subsequent management is mainly to maintain proper humidity, add feed, and often ventilate. Outdoor breeding should be shaded by scaffolding or the feed pool should be built under the shade of the trees. When heavy rain is needed, it should be checked frequently to avoid accumulation of water.
3. Garden cultivation method; in the fruit tree or the rest of the tree rows ditch, feed the ditch, put the seed pods, cover the straw, you can also plant other crops, pay attention to maintain humidity, make up new materials, to avoid natural enemies, winter scaffolding, Keep warm with straw and film to avoid rain and snow drifting. In the summer, if the branches can not be shaded, they can also be covered and shaded, covered with straw to prevent evaporation of water and ground water to cool down.
4. A small area of ​​breeding; available tanks, tubs, water tanks and other objects feeding, whether indoor or outdoor feeding methods only need to adjust the feed, pay attention to the environmental climate of the beggars to seek heat, moisture, shading, to avoid natural enemies, can be high yield.
Fourth, the collection of skills;
1. Light capture method; remove the shade from the rearing pond, so that you can drill down and run lightly. After a while, you can scrape off a layer of dirt. This way, the layers will be scraped down because the sun shines and the layers of the sun will shine. Drill down and finally squat down to the bottom of the pool.
2. Water irrigation method; fill the feeding pond with water, so that 蚯蚓 drilled out of the surface to capture.
3. Digging method; that is, using the hoe to dig up the feed mud to capture, this method is costly and labor-intensive, it is easy to catch large and stay small.
4. Collect frequency; look at the density in the culture bed. The first harvest can be delayed in the early spring 60-90 days, and then can be harvested once a month, in order to ensure the balance of supply, can be divided into ditch farming and harvesting.
Fifth, the method of feeding livestock and poultry;
1. Keep chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowls and other livestock. First, remove the water and wash it with water, then soak it in 0.05% potassium permanganate for 15 minutes. Then remove the chopped feed. You can also cook the clams in boiling water for 3 to 5 minutes, remove the chopped mix and feed them. The spoiled sputum cannot be fed, lest it be poisoned. Only one week after hatching chicks can feed, the amount of 5% of the diet. One-month-old chicken can be increased to 10% -15%. Fatty chickens or laying hens can be increased to 20%. Duck's digestive ability can be properly increased. Feeding pigs can not be fed normally, and they are usually processed into loquat powder feeding, but should not exceed 8% of the daily diet. The processing method of lotus root powder; the earthworm is killed by boiling water, dried or dried and then processed and crushed. Usually 10 pounds of oysters can be processed into pounds of powder about 4 pounds. Feed snakes, various rodents, various frogs, whole insects, and cockroaches. Because they like to eat living things. Usually take the method of live feeding. Feed the loach, yellow cockroach, turtle, fish, shrimp, fish. Adapted to cook straight or fed feed. To feed grasshoppers, they should be soaked in clean water or rice water for 12 hours to completely extrude the mud, and then boiled and fed into the feed.
2. The amount of feed is appropriate. There is an r-formic acid in the body of the cockroach, which has anesthetic effect. If the livestock and poultry eat too much, it will cause gastro-intestinal paralysis, reduce appetite, and cause indigestion. And begging for a constant amount of feed, do not stop when feeding, when a lot of time, so as not to cause uneven weight gain or poisoning.
3. The insects are regularly de-wormed; the cockroaches themselves are the intermediate hosts of various parasites, and some parasitic pathogens are often transmitted to livestock artificially. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly feed the de-worming drugs on livestock and poultry to effectively avoid the occurrence of parasites of birds. Avoid undue loss and gain better economic benefits.
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