What are the disadvantages and harms of fertilizer ? As an important measure to increase grain production, chemical fertilizers are indispensable. In order to produce more agricultural products, a large amount of fertilizer must be invested. At present, the fertilizers used in production are mainly divided into two categories, one is organic fertilizers mainly composed of ash, manure, and green manure, and the other is chemical fertilizers such as urea, ammonium phosphate, and potassium chloride. However, due to extensive fertilization, China's land is deeply affected by chemical fertilizers. What are the disadvantages and harms of chemical fertilizers?
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers
Heavy metals and toxic elements have increased, directly endangering human health. Phosphate fertilizer produced with waste acid also contains trichloroacetaldehyde, which is toxic to crops. Studies have shown that long-term application of chemical fertilizers can cause the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, whether it is acidic soil, slightly acidic soil or calcareous soil.
Long-term application of ammonium phosphate and compound fertilizer can increase the content of As in the soil by 50~60 mg/kg. At the same time, with the increase of soil Cd, the effective Cd content in the soil will also increase, and the amount of Cd absorbed by the crop will also increase.
Microbial activity is reduced, substances are difficult to transform and degrade. Soil microorganisms are small and energetic living organisms. They are not only the performers of soil organic matter conversion, but also the active libraries of plant nutrients, which have the function of transforming organic matter, decomposing minerals and degrading toxic substances. .
Experiments conducted by the Nanjing Institute of Soil Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences show that the application of different fertilizers has a great impact on the activity of microorganisms. The order of soil microbial quantity and size is: organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer > single application of organic fertilizer > single application of inorganic fertilizer .
At present, the application of chemical fertilizers in China is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, while the application rates of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer are low, which will reduce the quantity and activity of soil microorganisms.
Nutrient imbalance, nitrate accumulation At present, the fertilizer applied in China is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, while phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and compound fertilizer are less. Long-term application causes soil nutrient imbalance, which exacerbates the depletion of soil P and K, leading to accumulation of NO3-N. NO3-N itself is non-toxic, but if it is not fully assimilated by the crop, its content will increase rapidly, and it will be taken after being ingested into the human body.
The main component of chemical fertilizers is inorganic compounds, which are processed and decomposed by chemical fertilizer plants. For example, under conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and catalyst, ammonia and ammonia can be synthesized, and ammonia can be reacted with carbon dioxide to form urea. For another example, the decomposition of phosphate rock powder with sulfuric acid can produce a calcium phosphate.
Compared with organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers contain higher fertilizer components. Because of the high content of active ingredients, they are small in size and convenient for transportation and application. However, the amount of primary fertilizer should not be too much, otherwise it will cause loss of fertilizer and agricultural products.
Except for a few varieties, most of the chemical fertilizers are easily soluble in water and are easily absorbed and utilized by plants. They are quick-acting fertilizers, but they are easily dissolved into hard blocks, causing loss of nutrients or inconvenience of application. At the same time, some of the chemical components contained in the fertilizer can have adverse effects on soil and crops, and some fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate can cause soil compaction when used alone in the crop growth period.
In addition, excessive application of chemical fertilizers may also lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, the application of chemical fertilizers should be based on the nature of chemical fertilizers, the need for nutrients in crops, and the rational application of climate, soil and other crop growth conditions, so that fertilizers can exert greater yield-increasing effects.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of farmyard manure and fertilizer?
Farmyard manure contains all kinds of nutrients and abundant organic substances needed for crops. It is a complete fertilizer, also called organic fertilizer. This kind of fertilizer has a wide source, long stamina, strong fertilizer retention capacity, fertility and soil improvement, and low cost, and has no adverse effects on soil and crops.
The disadvantages are low nutrient content and slow fertilizer efficiency. Fertilizer is the abbreviation of chemical fertilizer. The raw materials are ore, air and water. Most of the products are inorganic salts, so they are also called inorganic fertilizers. The advantages are high nutrient content, fast fertilizer efficiency, convenient storage and use, and the disadvantage is that the nutrient is single and the stamina is small.
According to the available nutrients, chemical fertilizers are divided into five types: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, micro-fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Fertilizer is an indispensable fertilizer in modern agriculture. The scientific use of chemical fertilizer can not only improve production, but also improve quality. The role of fertility.
Ways to solve the problem of chemical fertilizers
The advantages of organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter and various nutrients. It not only provides nutrients directly to crops, but also activates potential nutrients in the soil, enhances microbial activity and promotes material conversion. The application of organic fertilizer can also improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve soil fertility, and prevent soil pollution, which is not available in fertilizers.
Making full use of organic fertilizer sources, scientifically accumulating and rational application can not only make agricultural wastes reuse, reduce fertilizer investment, protect rural environment, create a good agro-ecosystem, but also achieve fertility and high yield, increase production and increase income. the goal of. The combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can not only provide sufficient nutrients for high-yield and stable crops, but also fertilize the soil, create good environmental conditions for crops, save agricultural investment, and achieve better economic and social benefits.
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