In vegetable production, especially in greenhouse vegetable production, due to the continuous cultivation of vegetables and the use of more chemical fertilizers throughout the year, aging and consolidation of pastoral soils, disease and insect damage are increasing year by year, and economic benefits are declining. Therefore, it is necessary to improve vegetable fields. After many years of practice by vegetable farmers, the following five measures can be adopted to achieve the purpose of improving the soil and optimizing soil properties.
First, increase organic fertilizer. The application of organic manure is a fundamental measure to improve soil properties. After the application of organic manure, factors such as water, fertilizer, gas, heat, and bacteria in the cultivation layer are harmonized to create a temperature and humidity for the growth of the roots, stems and leaves of the vegetable seedlings. Appropriate and complete fertilizer environment, more effective in improving soil properties.
Second, the soil deep plowing. In conjunction with the application of organic fertilizers, the cultivating layer is gradually deepened so that the depth of the tillage layer can reach 30 cm or more. At the same time, using winter plowing and frozen soil, sun drying in the summer and autumn, promoting soil maturation, ensuring that the farming is loose and fertile, and improving soil fertility, and at the same time, be diligent Plan, activate the soil, so that the permeability of the soil is good, the general vegetable after planting should be scratched every 3 to 5 days again, the depth of 3 to 5 cm is appropriate.
Third, science rotation. Rational rotation of different varieties of vegetables, such as leafy vegetables with more nitrogen, fruit and vegetables with more phosphorus, and stem vegetables with more potassium, should be used for rotation; deep-rooted beans, melons, Solanaceous fruits, with shallow-rooted Chinese cabbage, cabbage, cucumber, onion and garlic, etc., can make full use of various nutrients contained in soil and nutrients in different soil layers, and gradually improve fertility and reduce germs. And harmful substances accumulate.
Fourth, the application of biological bacteria. After a long period of continuous cropping of vegetables, harmful microorganisms in the soil are accumulated, and beneficial microorganisms are reduced. When biological bacterial fertilizers are applied, the beneficial microorganisms in the soil can be increased, which can play a role in improving the soil.
Fifth, a reasonable watering. The effect of watering on the soil is reduced, and drip irrigation has the function of protecting the soil. It slowly infiltrates the soil and can avoid the erosion of the soil surface caused by the flood irrigation and reduce the destructiveness of the soil layer.
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