In the absence of traditional methods such as imaging and alpha-fetoprotein detection, detection of circulating non-coding single-stranded ribonucleic acid (microRNA) in serum can provide early warning and monitor the occurrence of liver cancer. This is a research group led by Academician Wang Hongyang from the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, and an important research paper published in the internationally renowned academic journal Cancer Express. This method of detection is very simple and the cost is relatively low. Only the fingertip blood collection is required, and the test result can be obtained within 3 hours.
According to statistics, the 5-year survival rate after liver cancer resection is 30% to 50%, and the 5-year survival rate after microscopic liver cancer resection can be as high as 90%, and small liver cancer is about 75%. Therefore, early diagnosis and selection of appropriate means of treatment are of great significance to the prognosis of patients.
Dr. Li Liang and other researchers conducted a large-scale multi-center retrospective study under the guidance of Wang Hongyang. From April 2007 to March 2014, a total of 9287 chronic hepatitis B patients from 7 Chinese medical centers were followed up. These patients performed a quantitative physical examination of ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein approximately every six months to monitor the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. By retrospectively testing serum samples from patients with liver cancer before clinical diagnosis, the researchers found that one of them was specifically expressed by a microRNA molecular component of approximately 22 nucleotides in length encoded by an endogenous gene. Researchers have found that this group of markers can detect hepatocellular carcinoma earlier than traditional methods, and may even issue an early warning 12 months before clinical diagnosis.
![[Technology] Liver cancer or one year advance warning](http://i.bosscdn.com/blog/20/16/06/28010535855.jpg)
Li Liang said that the microRNA combination is suitable for preclinical screening of high-risk populations of liver cancer, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatitis B virus infections older than 35 years old. At present, the relevant research plan has passed the ethical review of the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital. Researchers are paying close attention to the large-scale verification of the results of microRNA application for early warning of liver cancer, hoping to be pushed to the clinic as soon as possible.
Everything You Need To Know About LED Lighting
LEDs are a simple invention with huge potential to change the lighting industry for the better. Don`t know much about them? Here are three big things you need to know to get your feet under you:
1.What Does LED Stand For?
2.LED stands for light-emitting diode.
A diode is an electrical device or component with two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) through which electricity flows - characteristically in only one direction (in through the anode and out through the cathode). Diodes are generally made from semi-conductive materials such as silicon or selenium - substances that conduct electricity in some circumstances and not in others (e.g. at certain voltages, current levels, or light intensities).
2.A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor device that emits visible light when an electrical current passes through it. It is essentially the opposite of a photo-voltaic cell (a device that converts visible light into electrical current).
Did You Know? There is a similar device to an LED called an IRED (Infrared Emitting Diode). Instead of visible light, IRED devices emit IR energy when electrical current is run through them.
1.How Do LED Lights Work?
2.It`s really simple actually, and very cheap to produce, which is why there was so much excitement when LED lights were first invented!
The p-type and n-type materials are created by introducing the original material to atoms of another element. These new atoms replace some of the previously existing atoms and in so doing, alter the physical and chemical structure. The p-type materials are created using elements (such as boron) that have less valence electrons than the intrinsic material (oftentimes silicon). The n-type materials are created using elements (such as phosphorus) that have more valence electrons that the intrinsic material (oftentimes silicon). The net effect is the creation of a p-n junction with interesting and useful properties for electronic applications. What those properties are exactly depends mostly on the external voltage applied to the circuit (if any) and the direction of current (i.e. which side, the p-type or the n-type, is connected to the positive terminal and which is connected to the negative terminal).
Application of the Technical Details to LED Lighting:
When a light-emitting diode (LED) has a voltage source connected with the positive side on the anode and the negative side on the cathode, current will flow (and light will be emitted, a condition known as forward bias). If the positive and negative ends of the voltage source were inversely connected (positive to the cathode and negative to the anode), current would not flow (a condition known as reverse bias). Forward bias allows current to flow through the LED and in so doing, emits light. Reverse bias prevents current from flowing through the LED (at least up until a certain point where it is unable to keep the current at bay - known as the peak inverse voltage - a point that if reached, will irreversibly damage the device).
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