Release date: 2016-11-23
Seoul National University and Korean gene sequencing company Macrogen have recently published a research project to complete the most continuous mapping of Korean gene maps. Prof. Jeong-Sun Seo's team used PacBio single-molecule sequencing technology and Bionano single-molecule optical map to fill a large number of gene sequence gaps in traditional sequencing, and successfully mapped the most continuous human genome map.
Korean genomic map published in Nature Magazine on October 5, 2016. (Image source nature.com)
Why do we have different skin tones and different pupils? Why are some people prone to illness and some people are always strong? Why are there individual differences between people? What determines our illness and death? Tracing back to the source, the mysteries of these lives are hidden in the book of the Human Genome. As Dubbock, the famous Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, said: "Human DNA sequences are the true meaning of human beings. Everything that happens in this world is closely related to this sequence, including human diseases including cancer. The occurrence is directly or indirectly related to the gene..."
The Human Genome Project Reveals the Mystery of Life
The Human Genome Project is the third largest scientific program following the Manhattan Atom Plan and the Apollo Moon Landing Program, and is hailed as "the most significant biological discovery in Darwin's future." It marks the beginning of a new era in the process of human exploration of the mystery of life and the development of biotechnology.
If you compare a human genome plan map to a world map, then a chromosome is equivalent to a country. Take China as an example. One of these genes is equivalent to Tiananmen Square or the Forbidden City. To figure out the order of 3 billion nucleotides is equivalent to clarifying the identity of everyone on the planet. The Human Genome Project reveals the mystery of life and enables humans to fully understand themselves for the first time at the molecular level.
In the human genome, 3 billion nucleotides contain more than 30,000 human genes, which constitute a set of DNA language. This set of giants is like a large book composed of A, T, C, and G, which is about 1000 pages thick and each page is overlaid and written. It is very difficult to read such a giant.
This is a life book of 3 billion bases. If the letters A, T, G, and C represent each base, more than 3 billion letters of the human genome will be filled with l000 books of about 1,000 pages. If each base is 1 cm long, the total length of these letters will reach 30,000 km, which is equivalent to the round-trip distance from Beijing to New York. If you "interpret" this huge amount of information, even a highly trained technician can only sequence 10,000 base pairs per day. To complete all the work, 10 technicians need to work continuously for 80 years. The implementation of the plan was expected to take 15 years and cost 3 billion US dollars.
China undertakes 1% of projects to make outstanding contributions to the human genome
In 1988, American scientists proposed the most ambitious life sciences program to date, the Human Genome Project. After the project was carried out, scientists from the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Germany and China joined the group, and the goal was to complete the sequencing of all the DNA bases in the 23 pairs of chromosomes of the human body. Group 1 belongs to all humans, and the research results should be full. The world is all.
China officially joined the program in September 1999 and is responsible for the sequencing of 30 million bases of the short arm of the human genome, because it accounts for one-hundredth of the total human genome of 3 billion pairs of bases. Therefore, it is also called 1% project.
The project started, everyone has a hope in mind, and that is to complete the task as fast as possible. For this reason, they even stay up all night, because the sequencer can not be shut down once it is started, otherwise it will cost a lot of money. If you look at the photos carefully, you will find that the lab bench is actually assembled with the instrument container.
The “1% Project†shows innovative thinking and strategies for China to actively participate in major issues of international cooperation. Sharing the full results of the international "Human Genome Project" and having a say in related matters. This has allowed China to travel through other countries for 10 years in just six months, shortening the gap between us and other technological powers.
For the honor of the motherland, they are not afraid of no experimental platform, they are not afraid of no money, because success is in sight. As of May 30, 2000, the “work framework†for the 1% mission of the Human Genome has been completed and all reported indicators have been met. On June 26, 2000, Clinton said at the "White House Science Celebration" held for the Human Genome "Working Framework": "I also thank the scientists of their country (Japan, Germany, France), not only their country, There are also Chinese scientists who have made outstanding contributions to the extensive international cooperation of the Human Genome Project."
In the process of participating in the Human Genome Project, the strength of genomics research and industrialization in China has been extensively improved, and a large number of large-scale genomes integrating modern biological technology, automation equipment, high-performance computing information processing and teamwork spirit have been established. The informatics research system has trained a lean genomic research team.
By participating in this program, our image in the international community has been improved and become one of the five most important follow-up studies of the Human Genome Project, one of the five member states of the International HapMap Project. 10% of the tasks.
Source: China Science Expo
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