For many peasants, fertilization practices can make perfect and experienced, but it is not so simple to really do scientific and rational fertilization. Recently, the reporter interviewed Chunxi Xi, a researcher at the Plant Protection College of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University. He said that scientific fertilization pays attention to “three elementsâ€, namely, improving fertilizer efficiency, using methods, and adapting to local conditions. Only such fertilization will have an effect.
A. How to improve fertilizer efficiency
Shi Xi and Shi Xi told reporters that the spread is generally applied to the basal fertilization of farmland before unplanted crops, or that deep-growing plants, planting plants, and cave plants cannot be used during the growth of high-density crops. The fertilization method can be evenly distributed to the soil tillage layer, which is favorable for the early absorption of the roots of the crops. The application of the strips is to layer the seeds before planting the crops, or after the crops are sown, the depth of the trenches is about 5 to 10 cm, and the soil is applied after the application.
Rotary planting is suitable for perennial woody crops. Generally, the trunk is used as the center, and the fertilization ditch is cut along the corresponding field surface in the upper part of the canopy, and the soil is applied after fertilization. It is also possible to dig into the symmetry 2 to 4 with the trunk as the center. The crescent-shaped groove with a certain length of rice, when a large amount of organic fertilizer is applied in winter, can also be used in combination with cultivated soil to fertilize the material in the circular area under the canopy.
The application of fertilizers dissolved in water to form a fertilizer solution soaked into the soil surface where the roots of the crop are concentrated. For the phosphorus and potash fertilizers, basal fertilizers should be the main reason for the less mobility, and the method of spraying should not be used. A small part of them can also achieve the purpose of top dressing.
Spraying is mainly used for trace element fertilizers, and the amount is more economical. It can avoid soil fixation, rapid absorption of nutrients, high efficiency, easy to control the concentration, reduce pollution, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the later period when the root absorption capacity is weak. It can supplement phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and it has the effect of increasing grain weight and increasing yield.
B, flush fertilization material depends on manure
When Chun Xi introduced, the method of applying water and fertilizer is also called “red fertilizationâ€. Generally, it is a kind of top dressing that provides supplementary nutrition during the period of rapid growth of the crop. Since it is a supplementary fertilizer, it cannot replace the main fertilization methods such as basal fertilizer. Commonly used urea, ammonia, Ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate, as well as potassium chloride and potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate in potash fertilizer, can be used for fertilization. "Phosphorus fertilizers are not suitable for flushing, because the mobility of phosphate fertilizers after dissolution is very poor, and they are easily fixed and cannot be infiltrated into the root layer with water." Shi Xi emphasized that the best application method of phosphate fertilizer can only be layered and buried in soil to improve Its utilization. At the same time, high-concentration compound fertilizers or uncured insoluble solid organic fertilizers and microbial preparations are not appropriate.
C. Choose fertilizer to suit local conditions
Sandy soils of this type should be given more organic fertilizers, such as soil-fertilizer, straw returning to the field, or planting green manure in a timely manner to improve soil fertility, and gradually improve soil properties.
The application of organic manure to clay must be adequately controlled and decomposed, and topdressing of chemical fertilizers should be carried out as early as possible. It is advisable to reduce the frequency of fertilization and to avoid excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizer in later stages to prevent crops from becoming greedy and late. In addition, cultivating loose soil and improving soil ventilation should also be carried out.
Loam soil should be combined with long-acting fertilizer and short-acting fertilizer to meet the fertilizer demand in different growth periods of the crop in a timely manner. Organic manure and chemical fertilizer should be combined to fertilize the soil and be used for the same purpose. A large amount of fertilizer and micro-fertilizer should be combined to provide the crop with timely requirements. The various nutrients.
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