Excellent varieties and seeds are the basis for a good harvest, and variety selection is the first step in corn production. Varieties that perform well in one area may perform poorly in other areas. In production, there are often improper selection of varieties or inferior seeds, resulting in reduced production, and even production. How to choose the right varieties and seeds is an important issue that corn producers must face. It is generally believed that the following points should be noted:
1. Select the variety that has been tested and demonstrated in the local area for at least 3 years. After three years or more of local trials and demonstrations, it is basically known that the variety is adaptable locally. The selection of varieties with better performance over many years is less likely to cause catastrophic losses in production.
2. Choose a variety that can mature in the region. It is necessary to select mid-early maturing and mid-late maturing varieties that can mature normally in the region, and use less late-maturing varieties. Before the first heavy frost in the fall, the grain corn must reach physiological maturity or a black layer, otherwise the water content of the grain is higher and the quality is degraded. With the climate change, some autumn frosts come later, and two or three consecutive nights of frost often make people less vigilant, planting some varieties with longer growth period, and once the frost comes early, it will cause greater losses.
3. Choose varieties with large production potential and wide adaptability. The yield potential of varieties with similar growth periods can vary greatly. The production potential of the variety cannot be determined by the size of the ear, the number of rows, the number of rows, the depth of the grain, the rate of double ear and the erection (compact) and flatness of the leaves. The production potential of the variety should be reflected in the yield level. Therefore, it is necessary to select the variety according to the product ratio test and the yield result, not just the traits such as the size of the ears and the rate of the ears. Due to the unpredictability and variability of the climate, it is necessary to select varieties with higher yield levels in multiple points, multiple regions and multiple environments.
4. Choose a variety that is highly resistant to lodging. This is very important, especially in windy areas. Although the lodging is closely related to the environment and cultivation measures, the genetic difference of the varieties is also an important reason for the lodging. Lodging generally has lodging during birth and lodging after maturity. The lodging during birth is more harmful, and serious can lead to extinction; while the late lodging or physiological maturity has little effect on the yield, but often causes the quality to decline, the grain is rotted, the rodent damage is aggravated, the difficulty of harvesting and the harvest The cost increases.
5. Choose resistant or disease-resistant varieties. Disease is an important disaster in corn production. In recent years, the main feature of variety improvement and renewal is the continuous improvement of disease resistance. In addition to the characteristics of the reference varieties, the local seed companies or the agricultural technology promotion departments, the disease resistance of the varieties should also refer to the cultivation of other farmers.
6. Multi-cropping and multi-variety planting. Multi-cropping and multi-cultivation is the most effective measure to reduce pests and diseases and to resist adverse environmental conditions such as drought and low temperature. Multi-cropping and multi-variety strips are mixed and planted. For example, early maturing, medium maturity and late maturing varieties are matched with 25-50% to 25%, which can reduce the phenomenon of unsatisfactory flowering, poor pollination, etc., and reduce the damage degree of autumn morning frost.
7. Select special varieties for special needs. Special corn varieties are selected for special needs, such as feeding or processing. Such as high starch varieties, high oil varieties and high quality protein corn varieties, waxy corn, sweet corn and so on.
8. Choose a practical variety. At present, most farmers are interested in new varieties, which reflects the improvement of farmers' own scientific and technological production level and the desire for new technologies. However, it should be pointed out that the new varieties are not necessarily suitable for the demand, and the varieties that match the production management level and the soil fertility status should be selected. In addition, under the current management situation, some new varieties have not been tested in many places in the local area. Whether it is suitable for the local environment is still not clear, and the planting risk is relatively large. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the variety from the practical, and not to be new.
9. Choose high quality seeds. In production, not only must we choose good varieties, but also high-quality seeds. At this stage, China's indicators for measuring seed quality mainly include variety purity, seed clarity, germination rate and moisture. The state has clearly defined the purity, clarity, germination rate and water content of corn seeds: the purity of the first-class seed seeds is not less than 98%, the clarity is not less than 98%, and the germination rate is not less than 85%. The moisture content is not higher than 13%; the purity of the secondary seed is not less than 96%, the clarity is not less than 98%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture content is not higher than 13%. China's detection and supervision of corn hybrid seeds adopts the method of “restricting the lower limit of qualityâ€, that is, the indicator of the secondary seed that does not meet the requirements, and in principle cannot be sold as a seed.
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