Chinese cabbage cultivation is difficult in summer. If the measures are improperly taken, the variety selection is not the right way and the climatic factors, there will be false or no balling of Chinese cabbage, which will seriously affect the yield and quality of the goods. A brief analysis of the causes of this phenomenon and a precautionary measure are presented:
First, the cause
1. The variety is not suitable for the summer high-temperature stage of cabbage cabbage. If the growth period is too long, it does not have the characteristics of heat resistance and disease resistance in the later stage, and it is difficult to form a ball.
2. The climatic conditions The living habits of Chinese cabbage are higher temperatures in the early stage. As entering the core period, the required temperature is gradually reduced, and the cold weather conditions are required during the balling period. In the summer, the cabbage period of Chinese cabbage is in the high temperature season, and the climatic conditions required for the Chinese cabbage are opposite, so it will affect the balling effect.
3, nutritional conditions due to the rapid growth of Chinese cabbage in summer, the demand for nutrition is higher, although the fertilizer supply is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, but the supply of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is insufficient, which will lead to untrue ball.
4, heavy 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬 茬Therefore, not paying attention to the rotation of the crop, affecting the vegetative growth of Chinese cabbage, it is also easy to cause the ball to be untrue.
5, artificial damage to the field operations careless, shovel root damage, fat burning roots and other reasons, leading to root injury, affecting growth and ball formation.
6. Diseases and pests In the late summer, the growth of Chinese cabbage is in a hot and humid environment, and the occurrence of pests and diseases is more serious. For example, the viral diseases, downy mildew, soft rot, cabbage caterpillars, aphids, etc. of Chinese cabbage are all high-risk periods. If the measures are not timely, it will endanger the normal growth of Chinese cabbage and affect the ball.
Second, preventive measures
1. Choosing suitable varieties should select hybrids with a growth period of 50 to 60 days, high temperature resistance, resistance to soft rot, and high yield and quality.
2, the first crop of summer cabbage in the mouth is the most suitable for beans and fertilized melons (except pumpkin), followed by onion and garlic, once again is the solanaceous fruit, choose the mouth is guaranteed cabbage One of the basic measures for normal growth.
3. Cultivation form Summer Chinese cabbage should be cultivated with high ridge or semi-high sorghum. It should be ventilated and light, well drained, and avoid water accumulation in the field.
4, re-application of base fertilizer in summer, Chinese cabbage has a short growing period, fast growth, and large amount of fertilizer. The base fertilizer is preferably mixed with manure with high nitrogen content and manure containing more organic matter. The application amount is 37500-75000kg/ha, and 375-450kg/ha superphosphate and 1500kg/ha grass ash or crypt soil are added at the same time. In order to achieve the requirements of phosphorus and potassium in Chinese cabbage, to ensure the nutrition required for ball formation.
5, moderate shovel summer high-yield cultivation of Chinese cabbage requires shovel and shovel combination, kill grass, protect the sputum, and promote root development. The depth of the shovel is in accordance with the principle of “light, deep and shallowâ€, that is, the shallow shovel is required after the seedlings are unearthed, and the shovel is to be deepened the second time after the plant grows. The third time is after the rosette period, the roots are covered with surface layers, and shallow shovel is required. Otherwise, the roots are severe and susceptible to disease, affecting growth and ball formation.
6. Reasonable topdressing The first top dressing is to raise the seedling fertilizer. In the case of pulling the cross and the first time after the seedling, the speed of the fertilizer is small, and the amount of fertilizer is small, 75-110kg/ha. The second top dressing is a tree fertilizer. After the rosette period, the quick-acting fertilizer is 100-120kg/ha, and the planting ash is 750-1000kg/ha. The third top dressing is the ball-forming fertilizer. In the early stage of the ball-forming period, the ash is 750-1500kg/ha. The fourth top dressing is supplemental fertilizer, and the effective fertilizer in the middle of the ball is 100-120kg/ha, which promotes the heart.
7, the principle of reasonable watering and watering: small water in front of the group of water irrigation; watering during the rosette to see dry and dry, to ensure adequate water supply, and not to make plants grow long; 7 to 10 days before the filling of a large water, then Stop watering, carry out seedlings, make the color of the rosette dark green, control the growth to promote the formation of leaf cells, and enhance plant resistance. Seedling time is not too long and should be based on rainfall, temperature and plant growth. After the seedlings are finished, the water is filled once, and after 2 to 3 days, it is followed by a water to avoid soil cracks and cause lateral root fracture. In the middle of the ball, the soil is always kept moist, pouring water every 5 to 6 days, and the number of watering and water in the late stage of the ball is gradually reduced.
8. Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases Before the sowing, use 25% carbaryl wettable powder per acre, or use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to mix with fine soil and then turn into the soil to eliminate underground pests. In the seedling stage, it is mainly to prevent freckles, cabbage caterpillars, aphids and anthracnose. In the rosette period, anti-viral disease (sick disease), downy mildew, black spot and black rot are the main factors. Disease, soft rot, and aphids.
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