At present, many agricultural productions are agricultural mechanization models. Of course, peanuts can also be mechanized. Today, we will learn about the commonly used machinery in peanut production for the reference of our friends.
In agricultural production, the machinery used for plant protection, irrigation, etc. in ploughing and field management is basically a general-purpose machine, and it can also meet the agronomic requirements in peanut production. Peanut-specific machinery mainly includes sowing, filming, harvesting, fruit picking, and shelling machinery.
Peanut tillage mechanization
Peanut is a deep-rooted crop that is resistant to cockroaches, drought-tolerant, adaptable, and fertilized soil. Appropriate deepening of the tillage layer can promote the development of peanut roots and enhance its ability to absorb fertilizer and water, thereby contributing to the improvement of peanut yield and quality. Peanut is the best pioneer crop after soil improvement. Creating a good soil environment is an important guarantee for the high yield of peanuts. Especially for hillside hilly land and low- and medium-yield fields, deep cultivation and soil improvement, and improving soil water storage and preservation capacity have been successful in obtaining high yield of peanuts. Mainly adopt deep winter ploughing or early spring soil thawing and timely deep ploughing, carry out large plough deep ploughing in dry and thin land, do a good job in early spring fine hoeing, ridge planting, and create the most suitable soil conditions for peanut growth. The deep tillage method is to apply deep ploughs for large-scale tractors in dry and thin land. The depth of ploughing is 40~50 cm, deep to 60 cm, or ordinary deep plough, and the depth of ploughing is 30-40 cm.
Peanut sowing mechanization
Mechanical sowing of peanuts can be reasonably densely planted to ensure full seedlings, which can greatly improve work efficiency and ensure seeding quality. Peanut sowing mechanization technology was promoted and applied on the basis of manual work in the 1980s. The ridge, film and seeding operations were carried out by a single machine, and the herbicide was sprayed manually. The single-function peanut planter has two major categories of animal power and mechanical traction, one or two rows at a time. The soil layer with thicker soil layer and medium fertility can be selected by mulching film cultivation method, which is completed by peanut laminating machine. The peanut laminating machine also includes two major categories: human and animal power and mechanical traction. One layer of mulch is covered at one time, covering two rows of peanuts. In the mid-1990s, it developed into a joint machine for peanut filming and sowing. It was made up of a peanut seeder and a laminating machine. It is used in combination with a small four-wheel tractor. It is a double-working machine with compact and reasonable functions. The structure of the ridge, fertilization, sowing, covering, spraying the herbicide, filming, laminating, and film-laying on the membrane is completed at one time, and no other labor is required except the machine. Due to the sowing specifications, uniform soil coverage, relatively concentrated emergence time, full emergence of seedlings, and obvious advantages of joint operation, it is well received by farmers and is currently the key model. It has replaced single operation machinery in the main peanut producing areas.
Peanut harvest mechanization technology
At present, the mechanical harvesting methods used mainly adopt segmental harvesting. Such machines include peanut excavators, peanut harvesters, peanut pickers and combine harvesters, etc. Peanut picking must also be done manually. Peanut reclaimers have poor application and have been rarely used. The peanut combine harvester can complete the excavation, shaking and picking operations at one time.
Peanut picking mechanization
The peanut picker is a machine for picking peanuts from peanut meal and is also an integral part of the peanut combine harvester. In the past, China mainly promoted and applied dried fruit machinery. In recent years, according to the requirements of agronomy and agricultural time, many scientific research and production units have developed and promoted fresh fruit harvesting machinery. The peanut picking machine includes a simple hand picking fruit picker, a fruit picker for the engine, a fruit picker for the tractor, and a fruit picker for the motor.
The structure of the peanut picking machine is relatively simple, and the main working parts are generally composed of a spring toothed roller, a drum screen, a fixed elastic tooth, a fan and the like. No matter what kind of power is matched, the working principle is the same, and the principle of picking and picking is adopted. Peanut is fed from the feeding inlet. Under the joint action of the drum spring and the roller screen, the peanut fruit is separated from the peanut meal, the peanut meal is discharged from the discharge port, and the peanut fruit is blown away by the fan during the process of flowing through the sieve. Peanut fruit is discharged from the fruiting port. At present, some peanut pickers can pick up wet fruits, but picking wet fruits can easily cause the breakage of fresh pods. In the case of permission, the fruits should generally be picked after cooling.
Peanut shelling mechanization
With the improvement of economic conditions and the improvement of people's quality of life, the application of peanut shelling machines has gradually increased. At present, the peanut sheller for household use is mainly small, and some peanut product processing enterprises generally use larger ones. Peanut shelling machine shelling peanuts have lower breakage rate and higher cleanliness. At present, it is good to use peanuts for oil extraction and other shelling. However, peanuts are used for shelling, and there are also phenomena such as broken skin, which affects the emergence rate. Need to be further improved.
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