At present, there are more and more medicinal farmers planting atractylodes in China. With the development of atractylodes cultivation techniques, some diseases are more and more presented. Some experts have summarized the experience of prevention and treatment of Atractylodes lanceolata for the majority of Atractylodes growers in production. .
1 onset symptoms
The drug farmer refers to iron leaf disease as spot blotch, which is an important leaf disease commonly occurring in the Baizhu production area. The disease is also harmful to stems and flower buds. In the early stage of leaf disease, there are yellow-green water-scarred spots, which are enlarged. Due to the limitation of veins, the lesions are polygonal, irregular, dark brown or dark brown, and the center is grayish white with small black spots. When the disease is severe, the lesions are covered with whole leaves, which are iron black, and the stems and bracts also produce brown spots similar to the leaves.
2 incidence law
The pathogens mainly overwintered on the diseased bodies and seeds with conidia and mycelium, becoming the source of infection at the beginning of the next year. The conidial spores of Hunchun release the conidia after water droplets, causing initial infection from the invasion of the stomata; new conidia are produced on the lesions, which cause reinfection and spread. Seed-borne bacteria cause long-distance transmission, and rain splashing is the main way of close-range transmission, and insect and farming operations can also cause spread. The disease has a long period of occurrence, and the epidemic requires high humidity. It starts to occur in late April and is popular in June-August. There is a lot of rain, the temperature changes greatly, and the incidence is heavy.
3 prevention and control technology
Because soil, seeds, fertilizers and disease-bearing bacteria are the root causes of Atractylodes lancea leaf disease, the prevention and control of Atractylodes lanceolata must adhere to the principle of “preventing prevention, prevention of treatment, and comprehensive preventionâ€. Under the premise of adhering to soil disinfection and seed treatment, the field cultivation management will be strengthened to improve the disease resistance of plants and inhibit the occurrence of diseases. Once a disease occurs, the ward can be used to kill the ward, control the spread and spread of the bacteria, and reduce the damage caused by the disease.
3.1 Land preparation and land preparation
Atractylodes is cool, afraid of high temperature and high humidity. It is advisable to choose the wilderness or stop the cultivation of Atractylodes for more than 4 years, the soil layer is deep, and the mountainous land with the well-drained sandy loam soil is used as a seedling cultivation field and cultivation place. The selected plot is preferably a slightly sloped slope to facilitate permeable and drainage. The nursery land is preferably between 10 and 15 degrees on the slope, and on the shady slopes or wasteland. Over-fertilized, the leaves of Atractylodes chinensis are soft and weak in disease resistance. Winter harvesting should be carried out in time after harvesting, which is beneficial to soil ripening and reducing weeds and pests. Before the next planting, apply the base fertilizer and then plow the tillage once. According to the requirements of nursery or transplanting, the chopped and smoothed.
3.2 Soil disinfection
Before the preparation of the land, 50 kg of quicklime powder should be applied per 667 m2 in the nursery land and cultivated land, and then ploughed and tidy. Before sowing and transplanting, 20% albendazole suspension or 50% ruthenium granules 1-2 kg per 667 m2 To treat the soil, it is strictly forbidden to grow or plant the diseased soil.
3.3 Seed treatment
Before sowing, select fresh, full, and mature disease-free seeds and soak them in warm water at 30 °C for 24 hours, then remove them with 0.3% 5% dikesone granules or 0.5% 20% azirconazole suspension. This allows the seed to swell and swell, killing the pathogen on the surface of the seed and reducing the occurrence of disease during growth.
3.4 Narrow bed seedlings, timely seeding
Firstly, the seedlings are opened to a depth of 60cm and the bottom of the ditch is 40cm wide. The groove is 80cm wide, and the gap between the two seedbeds is 30cm, and the bottom of the groove is 25cm. The same, the bed surface is made into a turtle shape to facilitate drainage. It should be sown from late March to early April. It is too early to be planted, and it is easy to be affected by night cream. Because of the late temperature, the suitable growth period is short in the early stage, the seedling growth is poor, and it is easy to be affected by pests and weeds. Low Yield.
3.5 Selection of planting, sorghum cultivation
On the basis of selecting the varieties with strong disease resistance of dwarf broad-leaved leaves, select the disease-free and robust planting seeds with full buds, well-developed roots, young epidermis and large tails, and pick and harvest before planting and planting. . When planting, use 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder or 20% albendazole suspension agent 1000 times liquid immersion for 3-5 minutes, dry and then plant; the field planting also has to open the good groove and furrow, the area is larger For the field of (667m2 or more), the waist groove is opened to connect the cross groove with the furrow. Then, the sorghum with a width of about 120cm is widened, and the ditch with a depth of 30cm between the adjacent sacs and a groove of 20cm at the bottom of the ditch is connected with the sulcus and the furrow. The sorghum is made into a turtle-shaped shape. It is better to plant early, and the early roots are well developed and rooted. Deep, strong growth, drought resistance and strong fertility, and strong disease resistance.
3.6 Strengthen management and rational fertilization
Strengthen field management, go to dense seedlings and sick and weak seedlings during seedlings, and transplant grassland soil should be shallow and not too deep, so as not to hurt the roots, and do a good job of drought prevention and drainage to prevent water shortage or excessive humidity in the field. Before rain or dew is dry, it is not advisable to carry out all farming operations such as cultivating weeding, seedlings, buds, seed collection, planting and harvesting to prevent the spread of germs. At the time of harvest, the diseased plants and diseased leaves are burned intensively to reduce the source of the pathogens in the field. “Applying sufficient base fertilizer, early application of seedling fertilizer, and heavy application of bud fertilizer†is the experience summarized by the farmers in the producing areas. Therefore, it is emphasized that the base fertilizer should be applied at one time, and the base fertilizer should be based on decomposed (harmless) manure or compost. The nursery field should be applied with 1000-1500kg per 667m2, and the transplanted land should be applied with 2500-4000kg per 667m2, and combined with compound fertilizer. The topdressing fertilizer is preferably a quick-acting fertilizer such as decomposed organic fertilizer. The seedlings are basically outfitted and the fertilizer is applied once in the end of May, and the organic fertilizer is applied to 800-1000 kg per 667 m2. After buds, 50 kg of cooked cake fertilizer, 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 30 kg of superphosphate were applied per 667 m2. Try to use less fertilizer, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, apply sufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and prevent the atractylodes of Atractylodes L. to improve the quality of Atractylodes and enhance its disease resistance.
3.7 Stick to rotation
Atractylodes should not be used for continuous cropping, nor can it be rotated with plants such as Chinese cabbage, Scrophulariaceae, peanuts, sweet potatoes, tobacco, and Solanaceae crops. It can be rotated with grass crops, and the rotation period is more than 4 years, which can alleviate the damage degree of various diseases. It is not advisable to plant on the downhill slopes of plants that have been planted with atractylodes and susceptible diseases (such as tomatoes). Otherwise, rain-borne bacteria are susceptible to infection.
3.8 Chemical control
In the seedling stage, 30% of the seedlings can be sprayed with 700 times of the WP, and sprayed once every 5 to 7 days. In the early stage of the disease, it can be prevented by 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture, sprayed once every 10~15d, and sprayed 3~4 times. After the onset, you can use 20% Shi Baoling Suspension 1500 times solution, 70% methyl thiophanate WP 800 times solution, 25% Phytophthora WP 500 times solution, 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times solution. 80% big WP 600 times solution, 58% toxic WP 1600 times solution, 72.2% Plex water 800 times solution spray, 7d spray once, even spray 2~3 times, can control the spread of disease .
The above is all the contents of today. We can know that the measures based on agricultural control, timely adaptation to local conditions and rational use of chemical pesticides should be adopted to economically, safely and effectively control the occurrence of iron leaf disease, and to improve the yield, quality and protection of Atractylodes macrocephala. The purpose of the environment and people's health.
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