First, apply base fertilizer, fine soil preparation
Carrots are root vegetables and should be kept away from sticky soils, flat plots or wireworm-damaged plots. Selecting sandy loam soil or loam with deep soil, fertile soil, good irrigation and drainage, and good permeability is very beneficial to the emergence of seedlings, growth and development, and root enlargement.
Before sowing, plow deeply and carefully, apply enough basal fertilizer, use 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms of fertilizer for Mushi, 20 to 25 kilograms of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, 25 to 30 kilograms of potassium sulfate, or apply 30 to 40 kilograms of sacrifice. Turn over, the depth of ploughing is about 25 centimeters, and do it after leveling.
Second, the appropriate sowing
Determining the appropriate sowing date is the key to obtaining high yield and high efficiency of spring carrots. The early sowing of carrots is easy to convulsions. Too late sowing leads to the root swelling of meat roots in the high temperature period above 25°C, which easily produces a large number of deformed roots and affects the quality. The suitable temperature for carrot root expansion is 18°C～25°C. In order to avoid late high temperature, it should be sowed early in the suitable sowing date range. In general, when the 5 cm ground temperature is stable above 12°C, the daily average temperature can reach 14.5°C when sowing.
Third, species selection
According to the cold weather in early spring and the characteristics of spring sowing of carrots, spring sowing should adopt varieties with stronger winter-tolerance and seizure, and according to the characteristics of local market consumption, choose the market with good consumption, good quality, high yield and medium-early maturity. General Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and other large and medium-sized cities should use the skin, fruit, and the center column full red varieties. At present, the fine varieties used in production are mainly imported from abroad, such as the Japanese Kuroda five inches, the improved Kuroda five inches, Hiroshima, and Azalea. There are also local varieties of carrots, such as small red tops and red ginsengs.
Four, soaking germination
Due to the low germination rate of carrot seeds, it is generally only 65% ​​to 70%. If the germination conditions are poor or Chen seeds are used, the germination rate is even lower. In early spring, small carrots are not conducive to seed germination and unearthed because of low temperatures. In order to ensure that carrot seedlings are seedlings and seedlings are robust, soaking seed germination and then sowing can be used, can be early emergence of 5 to 6 days. The method is: sow the seeds on the bristles before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water 30 °C ~ 40 °C soak for 12 hours, remove and put them in a wet cloth bag, placed at 25 °C ~ 30 °C under the germination, sooner or later every day Rinse once with clean water to keep the seeds moist and uniform in temperature and humidity. Seeds will be sown after 3 to 4 days until most of the seeds are exposed. Fine processing seed with high germination rate generally uses 300 grams of seed.
Fifth, sowing shed
Due to the little drought in spring, sowing can be done by sowing. Generally, the width is 2 meters, and the width of the net is about 1.8 meters. It can be planted with 8 to 10 rows, that is 18 to 22 centimeters apart and about 2 centimeters deep. For uniform sowing, sand can be mixed with sowing. After the sowing, the soil was smeared and cracked. Then watering, after the water infiltration paste the mulch to cover the mulch, cross the rake face to insert the bamboo raft arch, covering the shed film, tightly around.
VI. Temperature Management in the Shed
Before emergence, the temperature should be higher, the temperature within the shed can be controlled at 28°C～30°C. During the day, the temperature in the shed should be increased as much as possible. Generally, the seedlings should emerge after about 10 days after sowing. The mulching film should be promptly removed before emergence, and the weather conditions after emergence. Properly ventilate, reduce the temperature and humidity inside the shed, the daytime is 20 °C ~ 25 °C, the temperature is still low at night, airtight mouth, to insulation.
Seventh, weeding and thinning
Generally about 20 days after emergence, choose fine weather, open the greenhouse in the afternoon for seedlings, will be too dense seedlings, inferior seedlings and weeds in a timely manner. The first time the seedlings were carried out when the seedlings had 1 to 2 true leaves, the seedlings were 3 to 4 cm in length, the second seedlings were 4 to 5 true leaves, and the 6 to 7 leaves were seedlings, and the seedling distance was 8 to 10 cm. Immediately after the seedlings are covered. In order to prevent weeding and timely weeding and weeding, weeding with 50% trifluralin can be used to sow buds in 2 to 3 days. Pay attention to soil during the cultivator to prevent the top of the fleshy root from forming a green shoulder.
Eight, water and fertilizer management
After sowing, it is irrigated, and seedlings are basically not watered for seedlings. After the shelter was shed, the first water was poured and 10 kg of urea per acre was applied. Carrot meat root finger thick into the expansion period, should be timely watering, keep the land see wet see dry, and combined with water topdressing urea and potassium sulfate 2 ~ 3 times, each time urea 15 ~ 20 kg, potassium sulfate 5 kg .
Nine, harvest
When the carrots mature, the leaves no longer grow, no new leaves are seen, and the lower leaves turn yellow, which can also be timely harvested according to market demand. If there is a 0 °C ~ 3 °C cold storage, storage after harvest, can supply the entire summer, or further deep-processing export earnings.
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