Mineral elements are an indispensable nutrient in animal life activities and production processes. There are more than 10 essential mineral elements for animals. The mineral elements that account for more than 0.01% of body weight are generally called constant elements such as calcium, phosphorus, and sodium; and the mineral elements that account for 0.01% or less of body weight are called trace elements such as iron, copper, iodine, manganese, zinc, and selenium. Cobalt. In the absence of mineral elements in animals, metabolic disorders or digestive, growth and reproductive abnormalities may occur, and even diseases may occur. Animals that consume excessive amounts of mineral elements may develop chronic poisoning and eventually die. So, how to add mineral element additives to the feed?
1. Feeding standards for mineral elements. There are currently national standards and the United States NRC (National Research Council) standards. The practical application is mostly based on the NRC standard, and then adjusted according to some actual conditions and influencing factors to determine the standards for the use of mineral elements for production. Under normal circumstances, the content of trace mineral elements in feedstuffs is low and can not be considered when calculating; but if the content is high, it should be considered. Constant elements such as calcium, phosphorus, chlorine, and sodium must generally be considered.
2. Select the appropriate mineral element additive. When selecting the mineral element additive, products with better quality and better reputation should be selected; attention should be paid to whether the trace element type, content and proportion are in conformity with the selected breeding standards, and whether harmful elements such as fluorine, lead, and mercury are exceeded, so as to avoid After use, adverse effects.
3. Note the purity, effective content, and availability of the mineral element additives used. The mineral element additives are mostly oxides and salts, which have a certain degree of purity. The elements in each compound have a certain content and certain bioavailability. Therefore, the application of mineral element additives should first be based on the purity of its compounds, effective content and utilization, converted to the effective utilization of mineral elements and then determine the amount.
4. Note the interaction of mineral elements. Mineral elements can interact with each other, such as phosphorus and magnesium, zinc and iron and copper can mutually inhibit absorption, high calcium can limit the absorption and utilization of zinc, manganese and copper.
5. Beware of mineral element poisoning. In the application of mineral elements should pay attention to prevent excessive application of mineral elements, especially selenium and other elements of a lower safety range. Feed-grade mineral element additives often contain heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury. These elements have a great impact on animal health and may cause heavy metal element poisoning. The limiting amount of heavy metal elements in conventional mineral element additives is mg/kg: lead 30, cadmium 10, arsenic 10, and mercury 0.1. Therefore, products with more reliable quality should be used, and mineral element compounds with high purity and bioavailability should be applied as much as possible to reduce the damage and adverse effects of harmful elements in the impurities, and be diluted and premixed to ensure better mixing. degree.
6. Apply trace element amino acid chelates. The trace element amino acid chelate is a novel trace element additive with good stability, high biological potency, easy absorption and utilization, no stimulation, high use safety, and can promote growth and improve animal reproductive performance , It is a kind of ideal and safe trace element additive. However, the price is relatively high, and conditions can be selected according to the needs.
7. Rational use of mineral elements to improve production performance. Under certain conditions, the application of certain mineral elements at reasonable high doses can improve animal performance. For example, application of 125-250 mg/kg copper in piglet diet can effectively reduce common diseases such as diarrhea in piglets, promote growth, improve feed utilization, and be more effective when combined with antibiotics; the use of high in pregnant sows The dose of magnesium can effectively prevent sow constipation and other phenomena; the application of 80 mg/kg of manganese in layer chicken feed can increase the hardness and quality of the eggshell.
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