Hundreds of microbial genome sketches
June 15, 2018 Source: Science and Technology Daily
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A recent microbiological study published online by Nature in the United Kingdom on the 14th, a team of American scientists mapped out hundreds of non-cultured and unexplored microbial genomes and identified more than a thousand biosynthetic gene clusters. Studies have shown that bacteria in the soil are likely to represent a new type of antibiotic to be developed, as well as a source of other pharmaceutical compounds.
Bacteria have become more and more powerful in the game of antibiotics. Antibiotics are essentially a class of secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms (including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes) or higher plants and animals during their life. They have anti-pathogenic or other activities that interfere with the developmental functions of other cells. . At present, the scientific community believes that to curb the increasing trend of drug-resistant infections, new antibiotics are needed. But in the past 30 years, only a very small number of new antibiotics have been developed, and new antibiotics are urgently needed to fight multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Julian Benfield, a researcher at the University of California, Berkeley, and colleagues, have successfully mapped out the genomes of hundreds of non-cultured, largely unexplored microbes from the soil ecology of a steppe in northern California. system. Subsequently, the research team identified more than a thousand biosynthetic gene clusters, speculating that they can synthesize a series of molecules, including various peptides, antibacterial toxins and other metabolites of unknown function. The expression of these genes varies depending on the depth and location of soil sample collection, reflecting their biological response to different environmental conditions.
Microorganisms in the soil are known to produce a variety of useful secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, antifungals, and immunosuppressants, but most of them are derived from a small number of cultured microbiota. Today, this study expands the range of potential sources of these molecules and even discovers two previously unknown bacterial species with exceptionally strong biosynthetic capabilities. In addition, this study also suggests the possibility of soil microbes communicating with each other using this complex chemical language. (Reporter Zhang Mengran)
Editor-in-chief
In the 1940s, the emergence of penicillin changed the world – antibiotics allowed many incursions of the past to be cured. But then, the virus continues to evolve and develop resistance. It is believed that the only effective way is to make new antibiotics – this requires a lot of relevant basic research to identify the antibiotic-producing microbes, including examining thousands of different samples, cultivating, screening and determining that they are not old antibiotics. As a result, hundreds of unexplored and non-artificial microbial genome sketches are seen as hopes for new antibiotics.
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