Farmyard manure has always been a good source of fertilizer. Using farmyard manure can not only fertile land, but also save production costs. However, if the farmer's fertilizer is not enough, it will cause harm to the crops. The following small series will introduce the maturity skills of the farmyard manure for reference by the majority of growers.
Farmyard manure has a wide variety and a wide range of sources, large quantities, local use of materials on site, and low cost.
Material preparation
1. Manure: Human and livestock manure can be used, and stool should be selected according to planting needs. The moisture of the feces is about 60% (thick mud), no long debris, no stones.
2. Excipients: Straw, grass, pine shell, straw, peanut skin of various crops, the length of crushing can be selected according to the use of fertilizer, the length of straw is 5-10 cm, and the length of seedling straw is 0.3-0.5 cm.
3. HM (strain): The decomposing agent should be mixed with a certain amount of auxiliary materials, and stirred several times for use.
Mixing, mixing, stacking
1. The ratio of ingredients is 3:1 (fresh manure weight: excipient weight). Each treatment of farmer's fertilizer 500 kg (mu amount) with HM (bacteria) decomposing agent 50 grams.
2. Mix with a blender or manually. The feces, strains and auxiliary materials should be evenly mixed and tightly kept, and the moisture content should be kept at around 60% without large fecal mass.
3. When filling the material, keep the material fluffy and the iron slap, and the top should be bulged. For example, in areas with large dry temperature difference or rainy days, the material should be covered with straw or straw.
Moisture requirements
1. After mixing, the water content is 55-65%, that is, the hand is held up into a group without loosening the water and the mass can be spread.
2. The farmer's fertilizer needs to add a small amount of straw to increase the permeability. If the farmer's fertilizer is dry, it may be added with water. If it is thin, it can be dried in advance or increase the absorption of auxiliary materials.
Mechanical mixing precautions
1. Manual mixing is difficult to stir evenly. It is recommended to use a blender to mix 150 kg of manure and 50 kg of auxiliary material each time (you can also use a building mixer).
2. Calculate the number of times to be stirred according to the amount of tobacco fields and weigh the feces, strains and auxiliary materials, and then put them into the mixer.
3. Stir for 5 minutes and then stack it on the fermentation platform.
Harmless treatment
1. The average temperature of the fermented object is above 55 °C, and the fermentation time is not less than 10 days.
2. The organic fertilizer after fermentation is yellow-brown or taupe, has no odor, has a light ammonia smell, and can smash some auxiliary materials by hand.
3. There are no mites and no faeces in the organic fertilizer.
4. In the process of fermentation, kill harmful bacteria, eggs, weed seeds, and achieve harmless treatment standards. It can prevent and contain the occurrence of pests and diseases and reduce the amount of pesticides.
Approach
1. Pest treatment
Vegetable farmers often store their own farmyard fertilizer in the fermenting pits in the fields. It can be sprinkled in the ferment pit with phoxim or chlorpyrifos + avermectin and then coated;
Sprinkle the manure into the greenhouse and don't rush to the ground. It is necessary to first mix with chlorpyrifos + avermectin and then spray it evenly onto the surface of the manure, and then arrange to turn over the ground after one day;
2, farmer fertilizer fermentation
The farmer's fertilizer fertilization is to apply the biological strain to the manure in the fermentation pit; the other is to spray the fermenting bacteria after the farmer's fertilizer is sprinkled into the greenhouse, or to apply the fermenting bacteria after turning the ground. The truly fermented farmyard manure will not ferment in the soil to release a large amount of heat and burn roots, and there is no big smell. Natural flies are less.
3, disease
The farmyard manure can be sprinkled into the greenhouse and then turned over to the ground for fumigation and sterilization. After the manure is sprinkled into the greenhouse, the greenhouse can be shed for 3 to 5 days. The surface temperature of the greenhouse can reach 60 degrees Celsius to kill most pathogenic bacteria.
It is very important that the farmyard manure is completely decomposed. Although the farmyard manure is more troublesome to handle, it has good fertilizer efficiency and low cost, and is a good helper for farmers to plant.
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