Tibetan rapeseed cultivars are mainly cabbage (also known as small rape). In recent years, Lhasa, Shannan, Linzhi, Changdu and other river valley agricultural areas have planted high-quality cabbage-type spring rapeseed, and the development speed is relatively fast. The varieties are mainly low-low type such as Tibetan oil No. 5, Shanyou No. 2 and some introduced varieties. rape. The cultivation method is different from ordinary rapeseed, and attention should be paid in production.
Environmental conditions: Selecting a flat terrain, convenient irrigation, forming a relatively concentrated, low-calorie production base with regional planting advantages, and implementing continuous planting. In order to prevent pollination and cross-talk, erucic acid and glucosinolates must be isolated from the “double high†rapeseed and other cruciferous crops.
Rotation: A two-year rotation system is adopted, which avoids continuous cropping with cruciferous crops, which can lower the number of diseases, insects and grasses, and improve the purity and yield of canola. It is best to have a leguminous or wheat crop before the canola, and avoid sowing the canola in the field of over-cultivation of over-succulent canola or cruciferous vegetables for three years.
Site selection and fine land preparation: Planting farmland should be loose, fertile and sandy, and the alkaline soil and over-drying are not conducive to the increase of emergence rate. Planting water before spring tillage, and cultivating the land when the soil is suitable for ploughing, and ploughing with the ploughing to facilitate the emergence of seedlings.
Scientific fertilization: generally 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizers such as sheep and cow dung, 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer and 3 kg of urea as base fertilizer, applied to the soil before plowing and arable land. At the same time, the seedling fertilizer is applied early, that is, 7-10 kg of urea is applied in the seedlings of the second and third leaves of the seedlings, and the same amount of urea (7-10 kg) is applied in the buds.
Timely early broadcast: appropriate early sowing, prolonging the growth period, in order to form strong seedlings, laying a good foundation for high yield. Therefore, the low soda-type rapeseed in the main river valley agricultural area in our district is suitable for sowing period between April 1 and 15 . It is not conducive to the normal growth of rapeseed in the early and late night, which has a great impact on the yield.
Planting method: At present, in the absence of a special planter for rapeseed, sowing with a seven-row or five-row planter. The specific method is to plant a row under the planter, leaving a line, the line spacing is 30 cm, and the acreage is 0.7 to 1 kg. At the same time, the seeds and urea are evenly mixed and then sowed, so that the effect of applying the seed fertilizer can be achieved on the basis of uniform seeding, which lays a good foundation for high yield.
Reasonable close planting: Generally, when the rapeseed grows 2 to 3 true leaves and time, the seedlings and the seedlings are fixed. Between the seedlings, the tall seedlings, and the weak seedlings, the line spacing is generally about 30 cm, the plant spacing is generally about 10 to 15 cm, and the number of plants per mu is generally 1.5 to 25,000, which makes the group and the individual coordinate with each other, which is conducive to high yield.
Reasonable irrigation: The demand for water in spring rape is generally less in the early stage, more in the medium term, and less in the later period. Therefore, it is required to reduce irrigation during the seedling period, increase the amount of irrigation in the bolting period to the full bloom, and then reduce the number of irrigation and irrigation by the end of the flowering.
Field management: The “three early†management of early pine soil weeding, early seedlings, and early topdressing is the core of field technology. Generally, cultivating and weeding at the time of emergence of the seedlings can reduce the weed damage, loosen the soil, increase the ground temperature, promote the release of nutrients, and create favorable conditions for cultivating strong seedlings. The depth of cultivating and weeding is carried out according to the principle of shallow first and then deep.
Prevention and control of pests and diseases: Spring rapeseed generally has serious pests and mild diseases, mainly caused by aphids. Aphids begin to occur in the seedling stage, and the damage during the flowering period is heavier. It is effective to spray 1 or 2 times with speed killing or killing.
Harvest at the right time: The ripening characteristics of spring rapeseed are that the leaves are placid and fall off, and the stems of the stems are yellow-green or purple-red, and the seeds in the middle and upper corners become hard and blessed. In order to reduce the splitting of cracked fruit, when more than 80% of the pods in the field turn yellow, they are harvested. The harvest time is harvested when there is moisture in the morning and evening, and piled up for 7 to 15 days after harvesting, and then dried and threshed, which is conducive to increasing production and income.
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