Today, we are going to learn about the efficient cultivation techniques of watermelon cabbage, which comes from Dajing Township, Miluo City, Hunan Province. Look at this planting pattern and experience.
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Dajing Township, Miluo City, Hunan Province is a famous watermelon town. “Dajing Watermelon†is also a famous watermelon brand. It has a long history of watermelon cultivation, large planting area and high efficiency. It is an important agricultural pillar industry in Miluo City. The local melon farming melon has a very rich experience. On the basis of early pepper + autumn watermelon, early watermelon + autumn eggplant, they have found a new cultivation mode, namely spring cabbage (spring radish or rape) + early watermelon + autumn watermelon Three kinds of 3 high-efficiency cultivation techniques can achieve high yield and economic benefits. Generally, 3000kg of spring cabbage is produced per 667 square meters, the output value is about 1800 yuan; 3000kg of early watermelon is produced per 667 square meters, the output value is about 2400 yuan; 3000kg of autumn watermelon is produced per 667 square meters, and the output value is about 4800 yuan. This model has been successfully planted for four consecutive years since 2001. The total output value per 667 square meters is more than 9,000 yuan, and the economic benefits are obvious. It is a good model for farmers to get rich. The cultivation techniques are summarized as follows.
First, the mouth of the arrangement
1. Spring cabbage. Sowing in mid-September to early October, planting in late November, and supply to the market from the end of March to the beginning of April.
2. Early watermelon. Sowing from mid-March to early April, planting from April 25 to May 5, and harvesting from July 5 to 20.
3. Autumn watermelon. Sowing from July 15 to 20, planting from the end of July to the beginning of August, and listing on September 20 to National Day.
Second, cultivation techniques
Spring cabbage
(1) Variety selection. Choosing good quality, the winter is not twitching in the open field, the very early spring cabbage generation hybrid Chunfeng 007.
(2) Nursery. Sowing from mid-late September to early October, seedling age more than 1 month, seedlings in the form of nutrient blocks, when the seedlings appear 3 to 4 true leaves can be colonized.
(3) Daejeon finishing. After the harvest of the former crops, the combined ploughing of 667 square meters of slashed pigs and cattle manure 3000kg, local compound fertilizer 50kg, and 1.8m (not ditch) for sputum.
(4) Colonization. Planting is carried out in late November, according to the row spacing of 45cm × 45cm, planting 2800 plants per 667 square meters.
(5) Daejeon management. Controlling seedlings before wintering should not be too long, control the supply of fertilizer and water, especially the application of nitrogen fertilizer. After the spring is warmed up, in the lotus sitting period, the initial period of the core and the middle of the core, 10 to 15 kg of urea is applied per 667 square meters each time to promote growth and raise the morning market. The main pests of spring cabbage are aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and Spodoptera litura. The locusts can be selected from Dagongchen and Aketai; Cabbage worms and Spodoptera litura can be used with vegetables and rice bran. The main diseases are soft rot and black rot. Soft rot can be used with agricultural streptomycin; black rot can be used for chlorothalonil, carbendazim, etc.
2. Early watermelon
(1) Variety selection. The local area is mainly seedless watermelon. The common varieties are Dongting No. 1, Dongting No. 3 or Shaoyang flower skin without seeds. The pollination varieties are honey laurel and Su honey No. 5.
(2) Grafting seedlings. From mid-March to early April, nursery seedlings are used. Seedless watermelon seeds must be soaked and germinated. After artificial shelling, they will be germinated for 36 hours at about 32 °C, and the buds will be about 1 cm long. Choose sunny day sowing, disinfect the nutrient soil with tobrahim or carbendazim before planting. When planting, the seed buds are pointed down into the sputum, one hole per hole, and then a layer of thin soil is attached, and the small arch shed is used for cold protection. In principle, before the emergence of the seedlings, there is no wind or water. If the temperature in the bed reaches 50 °C, the film can be ventilated. Seedless watermelons are often unshelled when they emerge from the seedlings, and must be manually assisted to shell. After the seedlings are out, the bed is better to be dry, and the seedlings should see as much light as possible to enhance the resistance to disease and cold. Due to the heavy rain and high humidity in the first half of the year, the pathogens have a rapid reproduction speed, especially in Dajing Township. As a leading industry, watermelon is planted almost every year, and the rotation period is short. It is necessary to carry out grafting and seedling cultivation, generally after the cotyledons are released from the seed shell. During the expansion period, the local cucurbits are used as rootstocks, and the survival rate is over 95% by semi-twisting or plugging. When the melon seedlings are one leaf and one heart, it can be combined with watering, chasing decomposed diluted human excrement or 0.3% to 0.4% of compound fertilizer water. Refining seedlings at appropriate time before planting, strengthening pest control.
(3) Daejeon preparation. 5 to 7 days before the planting of the watermelon, the two adjacent stalks of the former sorghum crops are combined into one, and the glutinous noodles (not gully) are 4m wide, and the 179 square meters of cooked pigs and cattle faeces are 1000kg. Potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 25 ~ 30kg.
(4) Colonization. When the seedling age is 30 to 35 days and there are 2 to 3 true leaves, the colonization is carried out. The local area is generally from April 25 to May 5. When planting, each row is planted in two rows, with a row spacing of 0.8m and a plant spacing of 0.6-0.7m. It is planted in the center of the raft, which is convenient for double-film coverage in early spring, and about 450-500 plants per 667 square meters. After planting, pour enough water and cover the planting area with a 1m wide mulch, and cover the small arch shed for heat preservation.
(5) Field management. Fertilizer management: After 7 days of seedling planting, the seedling fertilizer should be applied 2 to 3 times as appropriate, and it can be drenched with decomposed thin human excrement or 0.3% compound fertilizer. When the vine is 40cm long, it can be fertilized according to the growth of the plant. Generally, when the bottom fertilizer is sufficient, the vine can not be applied. However, after the fruit is placed, the squash fertilizer must be applied. Each 667 square meters of potassium sulphate compound fertilizer water 25kg dripping per week. Once, for 3 times. If the fruit is inflated during the expansion period, it should be irrigated in time. Management, pruning, pollination: When the vine grows to 30~40cm, spread straw or rapeseed stalks on the exposed surface of the noodles, straighten out the vines according to the "non" shape, and carry out double vine pruning, retaining the main The vine and one side vine, the remaining side vines and the sun vines are successively removed before and after fruit setting. It is best to choose the second to fourth female flowers or the second and third female flowers of the main vines. Manual assisted pollination. Pest Control: The main diseases of early watermelons include rickets, blight, anthracnose and blight. For the disease, the disease can be selected with Jinleiduomeer and Kelu; for anthrax, you can choose Baozhida and Ai Miao; for blight, you can use imported methyl thiophanate. The main pests are yellow squash, melon, aphids and so on. Huang Shougua can choose to use Le Siben + enemy to kill; melon can choose to use hit, Rui Jinte, mites to control the same spring cabbage.
3. Autumn watermelon
(1) Variety selection. Early spring ruby, new Jinlan.
(2) Sowing at the right time to cultivate strong seedlings. According to the climatic conditions of Hubei Province, the harvesting period of watermelon should be arranged around the end of September, and the suitable sowing date is July 15-20. In order to facilitate management and increase the seedling rate, it is advisable to adopt seedling transplanting, generally 40 to 50g per 667 square meters. Seeded watermelon can be germinated without dry germination. Seeds are sown with dry seeds. The seeds are laid flat and covered with a thin layer of soil to facilitate the removal of caps. Due to the high temperature in summer, the shading nets must be covered after shading to remove the smear. With shade nets. Before the rainstorm, cover the membrane seedlings to prevent the rain from scouring the seedbed. After emergence, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation to prevent high-temperature and high-humidity from producing high-stem seedlings, and at the same time, it can be controlled by a thin azole spray. During the nursery period, if there is a high temperature above 35 °C, it is necessary to carry out sunshade to prevent high temperature hot seedlings. At the same time, due to the large amount of evaporation in summer, special attention should be paid to moisturizing to prevent drought and dead seedlings. The local melon farmers generally build a trough as a nursery bed, with a depth of 10-15 cm. The width is 1.2m and the length is generally about 10m. The bottom of the bed is filled with water to make the bottom of the bed wet, and the small cover of the upper cover is shaded. The growth of autumn watermelon in Dajing area is mostly in the high temperature and dry period, with less rain, and the effects of blight and other diseases are small, but for the sake of insurance, it is better to carry out grafting.
(3) Soil preparation, hoeing and applying fertilizer. One week before planting, the field was turned over 1 or 2 times for exposure. In order to reduce the impact of soil-borne diseases brought about by continuous cropping, it can be cultivated by vertical frame, which is made of 1.2m ditch, and the base fertilizer is deeply applied in the ditching ditch. Each 667 square meters of rotted pig manure 2500kg, cake fertilizer 50kg , potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50kg.
(4) Timely planting and field management. Timely colonization: grafting seedlings are generally in the age of 13 to 15 days, melon seedlings 2 leaves and 1 heart when planting, plant spacing 0.4 ~ 0.5m, seedlings transplanted, planted in time with 0.3% compound fertilizer liquid point, and covered The mulch film and the stand are planted with about 1,300 plants per 667 square meters. Stand cultivation: After the transplanting of the melon seedlings, the scaffolding starts to be scaffolded, and the thin bamboo rafts of about 2 m are used to form the "human" frame. When the cucurbits are 30 to 40 cm, the growth points are pulled onto the vines. Pruning and staying melons: Stand cultivation usually takes two vines, that is, when the vines are 4 to 5 leaves, the main heart is removed to promote the occurrence of side vines, and then two strong and consistent vines are selected, and each vine can be kept. 1 to 2, each plant stays 2 to 4, with 3 best, you can guarantee the weight of a single melon, and can increase the yield. In order to ensure the consistency of the fruit rate and the fruit setting, the autumn watermelon also needs artificially assisted pollination. Fertilizer and water management: In addition to the quick-acting fertilizer for topdressing in the seedling stage, the small watermelon is rarely topdressed before the fruit is frozen in the case of sufficient fertilizer at the bottom of the seedling. In the period of expanding the melon, the fertilizer should be strengthened. The autumn watermelon should be small and should be applied thinly. 667 square meters of each application of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer water 15kg dripping, late use of fertilizer king or watermelon-specific foliar fertilizer spray, once every 15 days, 10 days before harvest stop watering and top dressing. Pest control: autumn watermelon disease is generally light, need to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases and anthrax, insect pests are mainly aphids, yellow squash, melons, mites. The virus disease is mainly used to control aphids. It can be sprayed several times with virus A; anthrax, aphids, yellow squash, and melons are treated with early watermelon;
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