Green-skinned walnut refers to the stone fruit of the walnut tree. The nut is spherical and the outer peel is smooth. It is also called walnut. During the hanging of the walnut, we call it the green walnut. The green skin walnuts matured in a few months? How much is the wholesale price? How about the peeling (peeling) treatment method and processing? From the walnut data, the green walnut tree is as high as 3.5m, and the 2-year-old branches are often hairless. Flowering period from March to September, fruiting period from August to September.
How much is the wholesale price of green skin walnuts?
As the saying goes, "July walnut August pear", July is the season of walnut market, the price is about 15 yuan to 23 yuan per catty. Most of the green walnuts sold in the Lanzhou market in Gansu are from Shaanxi and Tianshui in the province. Weinan and other places, affected by various factors, the current real estate fresh green walnuts per kilogram wholesale price of 6 yuan, shipped to Lanzhou wholesale price is 7-8 yuan, each 1.5 kg of green skin walnut can peel 0.5 kg of walnuts, consider each Fang profit, the price of fresh walnuts after peeling should be between 15 yuan and 20 yuan per kilogram.
What is the treatment and processing of peeling (peeling) of green peel walnut?
At present, there are various methods for peeling walnut fruit in the country. However, due to the different varieties of walnuts, the differences in climatic conditions and planting altitudes, and the time of harvesting, the methods of peeling green skin are different. At present, the methods of treatment include: 1. stacking method; 2. drug method; 3. freezing to heat melting method. Processing method: 1, traditional manual peeling; 2, mechanical processing peeling two.
First, the analysis of walnut skin treatment methods
(1) Stacking treatment method. It is the traditional walnut peeling method in our state. The technical point is: carry the harvested walnut green fruit to the indoor or outdoor shade, avoid the sun exposure, put the walnut green fruit in the thickness of 40-60 cm, add it on the green fruit pile. Cover a layer of 8-10 cm thick straw or yam grass (the thickness of the cover is determined according to the local temperature), the purpose is to increase the stacking temperature, strengthen the natural ripening and aging speed of the green peel, and shorten the separation time between the green skin and the hard shell.
Generally, it is stacked for 5-7 days. When the green peel is cracked and separated by more than 60%, the green peel decays naturally and falls off, and the peeling is removed. Re-stacking for a few days, until all softening and peeling. The disadvantage is that the fruit rot is severe, the production pollution and the deterioration rate of the walnut kernel increase, and the quality of the walnut nut phase is relatively poor.
(B), drug treatment. The surface of the walnut green fruit after picking is sprayed with ethephon at a concentration of 3500-4500 mg/kg, and the length of the ethephon ripening time is related to the concentration of the drug and the maturity of the fruit, that is, the higher the fruit ripeness or The higher the concentration of the drug, the shorter the ripening time. After 3-5 days of stacking, the walnut skin began to separate into a soft husk.
This method is simpler, but after peeling green skin, the surface of the walnut is partially polluted, the pollution rate is high, the walnut kernel has a high metamorphic rate, and the ethephon has a certain residual amount. After processing, the walnut is sold in a technology that does not conform to the original ecological pollution-free green food. The standards are set and the safety of agricultural products is not guaranteed.
(3), freezing and heat melting treatment method. The mature walnut green fruit is selected, and then subjected to low temperature freezing, using a quick freezing machine or a monomer freezing machine, or freezing can be performed by using a freezer cold storage and a commonly used low temperature freezing machine, and the freezing temperature is generally -5 ° C to 25 ° C, and the freezing amount is It can be arranged according to the size of the facility. The standard for freezing is that the green peel is all frozen, and obvious ice stains are embedded in the green skin when peeling off.
The freezing time is generally 24-48 hours. After the walnut skin is frozen, the frozen walnut skin is heated to a temperature above 0 °C.
1. Use natural stacking for more than 12 hours to heat up and melt;
2, using external heating and melting, is heated with normal temperature water, hot air or hot water to quickly melt. Mechanical peeling after melting can shorten working hours. The technology has the characteristics of fast and high efficiency, high peeling rate and high fruit yield, ensuring the quality of walnut without pollution. However, the hot air and hot water external heating process is complicated and costly.
Second, the processing analysis of peeling walnut skin
(1) Most of the methods for peeling walnut green peels from fruit farmers and large processing households in the walnut producing areas are processed by conventional manual tool cutting. Fresh walnuts will be picked for stacking. The time is usually 5-7 days. When the temperature inside the walnut pile rises, the cracks of the green skin become soft, the rot and the natural rot are naturally detached, and the green skin is peeled off with a knife.
Pour the peeled walnut nuts into the water and quickly simmer. In addition to impurities, do not wash for more than 2 minutes, then quickly filter the water and dry it into a primary product. Traditional manual processing methods exist: labor intensity, long processing time, low work efficiency, high processing cost, poor appearance of nuts, low quality of walnut kernels, affecting the commodity grade and economic benefits of walnuts. The damage to the hands of the processor is large, and there are hidden dangers.
(2) At present, the mechanical types of peeling walnut skin processing in the country are numerous and numerous.
There are 6BXH-8000 type (horizontal stripping cleaning machine) produced in Xinjiang; 5TD-0.3 type, 5HQB-0.3 type, 5TD-0.8 type (vertical type washing and washing machine) produced in Shaanxi Province; 5TD-1 produced in Shanxi Province Type (vertical de-washing machine); QHT-20T (horizontal) automatic type green walnut peeling machine produced in Beijing, household type QHT-8000 type, QHT-6000 type, QHT-4000 type, QHT-3000 type , QHT-4T type, BHT type (horizontal type machine), RD-400 type, YTH-4E type (horizontal type) rotary cutting knife stripping machine; HTL-0.5 type (horizontal type machine) produced by Kunming, Yunnan Province;
HL-1500 type (horizontal stripping cleaning machine) produced by Baoshan City; 6BHQ-600S type (horizontal type machine) and 6BHQ-600D type (horizontal disk machine) produced by Dali Prefecture; WB-I type produced by Yuxi City ( Horizontal) hob roller stripping machine; scraped concave plate steel brush stripping machine produced by Chuxiong City.
The advantage of using machinery to peel the green peel walnut is that it is reliable in use, flexible in operation, self-regulating in processing volume, and integrated processing of graded stripping and cleaning to ensure the quality of the walnut kernel, clean appearance, no black spot, and good quality. Guarantee, low labor intensity, labor saving, cost saving, and fast processing speed. Mechanical peeling of green skin is 20-30 times of manual peeling work efficiency, high efficiency and considerable economic benefits.
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