In martial arts like judo, the warrior will transfer the strength of the other party back to the other party, thus increasing their own power. In the struggle between T cells and tumor cells, immune attacks by T cells are often attenuated by the immunosuppressive signals produced by tumors. These include the inhibitory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor growth factor Beta (TGF-beta), which can be produced by cells or matrix components in the tumor microenvironment. .
Mohammed and colleagues have succeeded in allowing CAR T cells to evade and even exploit these immunosuppressive signals. The researchers used a model of pancreatic cancer cells that produced IL-4 and killed them with CAR T cells that target prostate stem cell antigens (PSCA, a protein that is highly expressed in prostate cancer cells but not expressed in normal cells). cell. They first confirmed that CAR T cells exposed to IL-4 were less proliferative than CAR T cells exposed to the classical stimulating factor IL-2. They then produced a new inversion cytokine receptor (ICR) by binding the extracellular domain of the IL-4 receptor to the intracellular domain of the IL-7 receptor, considering that these receptors are common A family of gamma chains that can heterodimerize with common gamma chains, so this new receptor can function in T cells. It turns out that this hypothesis is correct, and the ability of these ICR-expressing T cells to proliferate under the stimulation of IL-4 is increased. Since then, the researchers have allowed T cells to simultaneously express CAR and ICR against PSCA, and found that these T cells have significantly increased proliferative capacity, and their ability to kill tumor cells in the pancreatic cancer ectopic transplantation model is also significantly enhanced.
There is also a potential benefit to this conversion receptor, which, although not clearly stated by the researchers, may represent a significant advance. Because ICR-expressing T cells need to be able to proliferate and survive in the presence of both IL-4 and PSCA, normal tissues that do not produce IL-4, even if they express the same amount of PSCA, may not be affected by the returned CAR T. Attack, so this strategy will make CAR T cell therapy more effective and safer.
Color waxy corn is generally white, yellow, red, purple and black, white, yellow and purple corn is the basic color. The purple gene in a purple/white hybrid will naturally become purple if it "beats" the white gene, and vice versa, if it's a tie, what we see is a white/purple corn. Purple can turn into red corn and black corn, which is often called "red is purple, black is purple."
Mottled Corn Cut,Non Gmo Corn Cob,Mottled Waxy Corn Cut,Non Gmo Corn Cob Cut
Jilin Province Argricultural Sister-in-law Food Co., Ltd. , https://www.nongsaocorns.com