Cut before flowering, frost-proof flowering, thinning and thinning fruit, promote fruit setting, reasonable fruit retention and pest control.
Management measures:
Prevention of late spring 1 to advance the tree tray irrigation, white trunk coating, canopy spray 1% lime water, tree cover covering organic matter, etc., to delay the flowering of fruit trees, to avoid the late spring. 2 According to the local weather forecast, leaves, firewood, wheat stubble, etc. are stacked around the orchard before and after 12 o'clock in the evening of cooling, and smoke is warmed and prevented from freezing. (3) After the occurrence of weather such as cold and sandstorm, suspend the inflorescence (buds) and spray 2000 times of the solution of 80% brassinosin solution + 500 KH2PO4 for 7 to 10 days, spray twice, and promote the repair of damaged cells. The function can significantly reduce the freezing injury and increase the fruit setting rate. After the flowers are slightly frozen, spraying gibberellin in time will help increase the fruit setting rate.
The thinning fruit and fruit shall adopt the target yield method to determine the amount of fruit left in each tree, and then determine the part of fruit leaving according to the tree potential and branching potential. To reduce nutrient depletion, weed trees with more flowers can be pre-cropped in the spring, that is, after the flower buds have sprouted (whichever occurs when the flower buds can be looked for, the sooner the better), pruning slender bunches of flowers and cutting off some long fruiting sticks Top flower buds, maintain the ratio of flower buds and leaf buds. Flower buds to seize the time sparse buds. According to 1:3 to 4 mosaic ratio or 16 to 20 cm (short branch type 16 to 20 cm), a vigorous inflorescence is selected to leave the bud, and the inflorescence is separated until flowering to retain the central flower and 1 to 2 well-developed buds. Side flowers, all unnecessary side flowers and pods were removed. For Wangshu, it can reduce sparse or no flowers, consume some nutrients, reduce the growth of long branches, and increase the number of short branches. After fruiting, the fruit should be strictly thinned, and fruit should be set with the tree potential and fruit with the position. Weak trees leave about 70 leaves and 1 fruit. Strong trees have 40 to 50 leaves and leave 1 fruit. The amount of prosperous trees should be kept as low as possible. Positioning and fruiting is the choice of leaving fruit position, with the main fruit on the side of the leaves, supplemented by the back and back, and Qiaohua Red Fuji to stay on the long axis. For an orchard with a large area and low labor force, chemical agents may be used for flower thinning.
When the flower is protected and the temperature is low, the flowering period tends to be prolonged. Therefore, the pollination should be conducted in stages, and a batch of batches should be granted. Generally, the batch is granted 2-3 times. 1. Vigorously promote the release of flowering bees, horned wall bees, bees, and bean wasps during the flowering period, using insect pollination and insemination. Before flowering, a box of bees is placed every 5 to 7 acres of orchards and pollinated by insects. The walled bee was good in cold resistance, lower in activity temperature than the bee, and had strong ability to pollinate flowers. The number of daily visits per wall bee could reach more than 4,000, and the amount of bee per acre could be about 100 heads. 2. Conditional orchards can adopt artificial pollination methods to increase the fruit setting rate. The specific method is to collect the pollen requirements: first, collect the pollen varieties with strong affinity for the main plant varieties; second, mix pollen of different varieties; and thirdly, collect the pollen; The pollen of the bell flower that is to be put into the pot is the fourth; the pollen should be kept dry after being dried; the fifth is pollination of the pollen during the pollination period. 2 artificial pollination methods: First, artificial point instruction, that is, with a pencil or pencil pen and other pollinator, the first to open the pollen gently to the beginning of the flower stigma can be a little; second is the pollen bag powder, is to mix the pollen 50 times of talcum powder filler, packed in two layers of gauze bag, tied to the top of the bamboo basket, and gently shake the pollen bag above the crown to make the pollen evenly sprinkled on the flower stigma. Third, liquid pollination, ie 1 kg of water Add 2 grams of pollen (finely pollen the pollen to remove impurities), 100 grams of sugar, and 4 grams of borax to make a pollen suspension. Spray evenly on the stigma of flowers. 3 Time and frequency of artificial pollination: According to experiments, the rate of pollination and fruit setting was the highest on the day that flowers bloomed. Since the apple flowers are often opened in batches, especially when the temperature is low at the flowering stage, the flowering period tends to be protracted. Therefore, pollination should be conducted in stages. Open a batch grant a batch, generally grant 2 to 3 times the effect is satisfactory. 3, flower spray fertilizer: flowering spray 1 to 2 times 0.3% urea or borax or 20 ~ 30PPM gibberellin, a significant role in promoting fruit set. 4. The circumcision of individual Wangshu and Wangzhi can also increase the rate of fruit set.
Fertilizer and water management There is no orchard dressing in March. At this time, it is necessary to seize the time to topdressing. The operation will increase the amount of available nitrogen fertilizer according to the conditions of the orchard. At the same time, combined with clean garden, leaf spray or fruit spray friends fruit amino acid, early flowering and full flowering period were sprayed with 800-1000 times the boron fertilizer 400 times + sugar + 1000 times the urea mixture, to promote fruit pollination, increase fruit set rate.
Rows of grass or grass cover, control of tree weeds in the area of ​​more than 600 mm of precipitation in the annual orchard grass, the specific approach is in the first before the rain, in the tree rows open shallow ditch planting green manure, dry land in red Clover (stronger cold resistance) is appropriate. The irrigated land is dominated by white clover and American ryegrass, and the best clover is mixed with the gramineous green manure. At the same time, the tree tray covers organic matter or black mulch.
Pest control diseases mainly include powdery mildew, rust, brown spot, anthracnose, ring rot, spotted deciduous disease, etc.; pests mainly include leaf roller moth, leaf leaf moth, aphids, and leafhoppers.
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