What are the specific effects of plant growth regulators in rational science? When it comes to plant growth regulators, many consumers think of “explosive†watermelons, “top flower thorns†cucumbers, “seedless†grapes, and “inflated†Rumors such as kiwifruit, and once caused rejection and panic on these agricultural products, fearing that it will be harmful to the human body, and even more will associate it with "contraceptives" and "child precocious puberty".
In fact, there are many misunderstandings about the plant growth regulators, because some rumors of rumors that plant growth regulators have repeatedly played the role of "back pot man" in some agricultural product quality safety incidents.
Is plant growth regulator really as terrible as it is rumored? Is it the same thing as plant hormones and animal hormones? Is plant growth regulator used in agricultural production? Is agricultural product using plant growth regulator safe? Today, we ask experts to unveil the veil of plant growth regulators and scientifically understand their past and present lives.
Rational Science Views Plant Growth Regulators
From plant to harvest, plants are inseparable from growth regulation. In every grain and every fruit and vegetable we eat, we can't do without the endogenous hormones of plants. They naturally exist in plants and play a role.
Plant growth regulators (referred to as plant conditioners) are chemically synthesized or microbial fermented plant hormone analogues, also known as plant exogenous hormones, which have functions of regulating plant growth and development, increasing yield, promoting early maturity, and prolonging preservation. Correct use can not only ensure the stable production of crops, improve the quality of agricultural products, but also enhance the stress resistance of crops, save labor, save labor, save time and increase efficiency, and has become an indispensable special input in modern agricultural production. . For example, the use of ethephon ripening for bananas, defoliation of thidiam for cotton, etc., are typical examples of the application of plant growth regulators in agricultural production.
Moreover, the advent of every plant growth regulator product must comply with the National Pesticide Management Regulations. Only plant growth regulators with good effects and safety for humans and animals can be finally approved for registration, production and sales.
So what is the relationship between plant hormones and plant growth regulators and animal hormones?
First of all, plant conditioners and plant hormones have the effect of regulating plant growth and development, but plant hormones are naturally produced by plant bodies; plant conditioners are exogenous substances that can be artificially synthesized or produced by microbial fermentation. Direct extraction from organisms. For example, gibberellin is a kind of plant endogenous hormone that is ubiquitous in plants, and can be produced by microbial fermentation or artificial synthesis, and is used for the regulation of growth and development of various crops when needed.
In addition, plant hormones and animal hormones must not be confused! They are completely different concepts. Animal hormones are active substances produced by animal endocrine glands or endocrine cells, and play a role through specific target protein recognition. The chemical structure and target protein of phytohormones and animal hormones are completely different, just like a key to open a lock, the key does not match the lock, and of course it cannot be opened.
In general, phytohormones cannot function in animals, and animal hormones cannot function in plants, and certainly cannot be used in crop production. So the reason is very simple, the contraceptive is an animal hormone, there is no receptor in the plant, how to work? It is nonsense to say that the contraceptive pill stimulates the formation of "top flower thorn" cucumber.
In addition, there are many factors affecting the appearance, sensory flavor and nutritional quality of agricultural products, such as the rich variation in nature, the new varieties brought about by scientific and technological progress, and the differences in climatic conditions between years. The use of plant growth regulators is only one of the possible factors. Therefore, the scientific and rational application of plant growth regulators in agricultural production is an important technical measure to achieve high yield, high quality and high efficiency, and is by no means the source of all evils that cause agricultural product quality and safety incidents.
The application of plant growth regulators has become an important symbol of modern agricultural science and technology. We should objectively understand, rationally evaluate, and apply scientifically, and we can no longer let plant growth regulators obscurity. I hope that you will have less helplessness than "I would rather believe in what you have, and don't want to believe in it."
Plant growth regulators have broad prospects for rapid development and functional potential to be tapped
As one of the major advances in agricultural science, the research and application of plant growth regulators has received increasing attention from agricultural scientists in various countries. In recent years, in the case of the world's pesticide market, plant growth regulators have been growing steadily, and China's plant growth regulator industry has also developed rapidly. Recently, China Pesticide Development and Application Association released the “2017 White Plant Growth Regulator Industry White Paperâ€, which comprehensively combed and mobilized the industrial dynamics, application technology, scientific research development and industry management of plant growth regulators.
According to the white paper, as of the end of October 2017, there are 354 plant preparation enterprises in China, 894 planting agent products registered effectively, annual production and sales of about 18,000 tons, sales of about 2 billion yuan, and total exports exceeding 100 million US dollars; The registration target involves 95 kinds of crops and 53 kinds of uses. The annual production and application area is about 2 billion mu. It has formed an industrial chain from raw material supply, research, production, sales to promotion and application.
Although it has a small proportion compared with other traditional pesticides, it has broad development prospects. However, there are still many problems to be solved in terms of independent innovation, application guidance, scientific propaganda, and supervision and management.
The white paper points out that as new types and functions are being discovered and applied, plant growth regulators are playing an increasingly important role in production, and some of the applied technologies are already very mature, resulting in significant production and economic benefits. .
With the extensive application and research of plant conditioners, factors such as improved crop production targets, variety renewal, high-tech introduction, and production management technology changes, new requirements for crop control technology have been put forward. Plant growth regulators need to strengthen technical exploration in improving product quality, enhancing crop stress resistance, improving environmental and agricultural product safety, saving labor, assisting mechanization, integrating water and fertilizer, and meeting new crop production needs.
Plant growth regulators can play a crucial role in the high yield and quality of crops, but at the same time the technical problems in agricultural production are not to be underestimated. If the use of plant growth regulators to chemically top the cotton can save a lot of labor, but it may also have some negative impact on the growth and development of the crop, so that the upper branches of the cotton field can not stretch well. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new type of planting agent, which can not only play a role in saving labor, but also minimize the induction of bad directions of crops.
In addition, at present, in the synergistic use of plant growth regulators and water, fertilizers and medicines, research in this area is still lacking. It is necessary to strengthen research and assemble into an intensive technical system through water, fertilizer, medicine and plant growth regulators. The scientific operation enables the agricultural inputs and outputs to achieve the desired results.
The white paper pointed out that phytochemicals can improve the plant's own immunity, reduce the amount of pesticides and damage to crops caused by harsh weather. However, the restrictive levels of production conditions vary from one country to another, and it is difficult for one or several regulators to achieve significant application effects in multiple regions or over a wide range.
Therefore, the future direction can be based on problems such as high and low temperature, drought and flood, pests and diseases in crop production in different regions, and research on highly targeted and environmentally friendly plant growth regulators and their cooperation with fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Use, will become a hot spot in the future. In addition, the use of natural plants and marine resources or fermentation products as raw materials, can be used as an important development direction of planting agents.
Small products make great use to help many agricultural technological innovations
The application of plant growth regulators in the world originated from the use of synthetic auxin analogs such as acetic acid, indole butyric acid and naphthalene acetic acid in the 20s and 30s of the last century to promote plant rooting.
Since then, the research of plant growth regulators and their application in agriculture has developed rapidly. It has been applied to promote the formation of seedless fruits, prevent the germination during storage during onion and potato, prevent the falling of tomatoes and apples, and prevent the storage of Chinese cabbage. Wait. China has also made rapid progress in this regard, especially in the application of field crops, many of which are world-leading.
In the 1950s and 1970s, there was a nationwide spread of gibberellin in the country, which expanded the application of plant growth regulators to field crops. For example, in rice cross-breeding, the problems of parents' flowering time, phimosis affecting pollination and seed production are solved. The annual application area is about 1 million mu.
After the 1970s, plant growth regulators entered the field crop production application, showing the irreplaceable role of conventional technology in economically and effectively solving production problems, which was quickly promoted and achieved great economic and social benefits.
Representative work includes: In the 1970s, Beijing Agricultural University (now China Agricultural University) began to apply phytochemicals to promote the early cotton boll precocity in 1973, and established the application of ethephon ripening technology in cotton. So far, about 3 million mu has been applied every year. This technology is a successful example of large-scale application of plant conditioners to actively control crop growth and development, and is an attempt to update crop management concepts.
Since 1980, Beijing Agricultural University has synthesized the plant growth retardant mepazine by a more economical new method, which has successfully solved the problem of cotton growth, and has a significant effect of increasing production, increasing efficiency and improving quality. The annual promotion area accounts for more than 80% of the total cotton planting area, and is listed as the first of the three technological changes in the field of cotton cultivation in China after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
In 1984, the Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute and other units successfully developed the plant growth retardant paclobutrazol, developed the technology of paclobutrazol to control continuous cropping of late rice seedlings, and was listed as the key project of the “Eighth Five-Year Plan†for scientific and technological achievements. In 1993, the application area reached more than 7 million mu.
However, the study found that the application of paclobutrazol has residual and residual effects, which are more prominent in dryland crops such as wheat. In recent years, China Agricultural University has developed a multi-microemulsion and a microemulsion, which overcomes the defects of paclobutrazol application, and has a stable anti-reverse and anti-reverse yielding effect. It is promoted and applied by about 10 million mu per year.
Since 1999, China Agricultural University has carried out research on the application of amine fresh esters on corn, cotton, soybean and other crops, developed related preparation products, and established application technology. Among them, the application area of ​​corn special regulator 30% amine ester and ethephon is about 15 million mu per year. In addition, the industrial production of brassinosteroids (BR), chlorpyrifos (CPPU) and S-excitation (natural abscisic acid, S-ABA) has promoted its application in agricultural production. (Farmers Daily)
This article URL: Rational science looks at the specific effects of plant growth regulators
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