Northeast News, February 28 (Reporter Du Yu) In the past winter, a large number of flus spread to many people. Now that the temperature is picking up, the last round of the epidemic has gradually subsided. According to incomplete statistics from hospitals in Heilongjiang Province, the number of patients suffering from colds has decreased by about 30%. However, online rumors that “a new wave of flu may emerge in March†have just passed the New Year holidays, and citizens’ friends who are still immersed in the festive atmosphere are inevitably nervous. Seeing that March has arrived, what is the current flu epidemic in Heilongjiang Province? Will there be a large area outbreak? How can the public prevent? Do you need vaccination?
Xu Jun, Director of the Virus Control Center of Heilongjiang Province, suggested that the temperature in March is still low, and that it is cold and warm, with a large temperature difference. These are suitable for the survival of the influenza virus, and the flu epidemic will still exist, but it will not be widespread. Don't panic. Maintaining good personal hygiene habits is an important means of preventing respiratory infections such as influenza. Inoculation of influenza vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of flu vaccination and serious complications.
Flu epidemic will still exist, but it will not be widespread
It is understood that influenza (referred to as influenza) is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus, and it is also a contagious disease with a high rate of transmission. It is mainly spread through droplets in the air, human contact, or contact with contaminated objects. The typical clinical symptoms are: rapid fever, generalized pain, significant weakness, and mild respiratory symptoms. The general autumn and winter season is its high incidence.
The reporter learned from the Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention that the 2017-2018 annual influenza surveillance showed that the intensity of influenza activity in our province was higher than the level of the same period in recent years. Since December last year, it has remained at a high level of prevalence, but in 2018, 1 After the month, the upward trend has obviously slowed down, and seasonal peaks have come down since February. The hospital's ILI% (influenza-like case %) at the sentinel surveillance sites was slightly higher than the 2015-2016 period, and was the same as the 2016-2017 year-end period. The positive rate of pathogenic nucleic acid detection was about 20%. The Yamagata system is dominated by the prevalence of both A-type H3N2 and A-type H1N1.
Xu Jun, Director of the Virus Control Center of Heilongjiang Province, believes that the seasonal cold spring at the turn of winter and spring, the increase in population flow, coupled with the recent school and child care institutions to start school, crowded places are prone to cause influenza outbreaks, Therefore, everyone's prevention of flu can not be relaxed. The level of flu epidemic in our province may have certain fluctuations in March, but there will be no large-scale epidemic.
Learn to distinguish between influenza and common cold, symptomatic treatment
Many people have symptoms such as sore throat, cough, runny nose, etc. The first reaction is: "I caught a cold!" The facts are not necessarily so simple. Xue Hua, director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine at the Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, said that influenza and common colds are acute respiratory infections, all of which are prone to occur in the winter. They have different degrees of fever and respiratory symptoms, but they are completely different diseases. The common cold can usually heal itself in 5-7 days, but the flu has rapid and infectious nature and is harmful to the body. It is necessary to carefully distinguish between the common cold and the flu.
The pathogens are different: the common cold can be a virus, and more commonly bacteria, so a common cold can occur all year round. The flu is caused by the flu virus, mainly seen in the winter and spring.
Symptoms are different: The common cold usually has a milder onset, fever does not exceed 39°C, upper respiratory symptoms such as cough, sore throat, and chest tightness are obvious, while systemic symptoms such as headache, body aches, chills, and fever are lighter. Usually recovered after 5-7 days. The flu is anemic. The body temperature often exceeds 39°C, the symptoms of systemic poisoning are heavier, and the upper respiratory symptoms are lighter. Clinical manifestations include headache, fever, pain in both eyes, pain in the extremities, fatigue, sometimes conjunctival hyperemia, nasal congestion, runny nose, dry throat pain, children often have abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, vomiting and other digestive symptoms, and even convulsions.
Infectiousness is different: Patients suffering from common cold should avoid confrontation and sneezing with people with weak resistance, such as old children and children living together. Influenza is a respiratory infectious disease caused by a virus. It occurs in the winter, and is often characterized by a worldwide epidemic. This disease is very powerful and easily causes lung infections. A large number of viruses contained in respiratory secretions of patients can infect others through droplets. The patient is the most infectious in the first 2 to 3 days.
Elderly children are at high risk of flu and pay attention to prevention
Xu Jun, director of the virus control center of the Heilongjiang Provincial Disease Control Center, believes that the vast majority of people infected with the flu do not cause severe illness, most of them self-heal in about 1 week, and cough can last 1-2 weeks.
The following populations are infected with the influenza virus and it is easy to develop severe cases. Attention should be given to:
1. Children under 5 years of age (age <2 years old are more likely to have serious complications);
2. Older people aged ≥ 65 years old;
3. Associated with the following diseases or conditions: chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease (except hypertension), kidney disease, liver disease, blood system diseases, nervous system and neuromuscular diseases, metabolic and endocrine diseases, immune function suppression ( Including the use of immunosuppressive agents or HIV infection and other immunological dysfunction;)
4. Obesity (body mass index greater than 30);
5. Pregnant women.
Pneumonia is a common complication of influenza and must be valued
According to Xu Jun, Director of the Virus Control Center of Heilongjiang Province, pneumonia is the most common complication of influenza, as well as nervous system damage, heart damage, myositis, rhabdomyolysis syndrome, and septic shock. One of the following conditions is a severe case that must be considered and promptly sought medical attention.
1, sustained high fever> 3 days, accompanied by severe cough, purulent sputum, blood stasis, or chest pain;
2. Breathing speed, difficulty in breathing, cyanosis of lips;
3, change of mind: slow response, lethargy, restlessness, convulsions, etc.;
4, severe vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration performance;
5, with pneumonia;
6, the original underlying disease was significantly increased.
The clinical diagnosis and confirmed cases should be treated as soon as possible. Severe influenza patients at high risk and critically ill patients should be given anti-influenza virus therapy (oseltamivir, zanamivir, etc.) as soon as possible (within 48 hours of onset) without having to wait for the virus test results; if the onset time exceeds 48 h, the symptoms do not improve or Anti-influenza virus treatment should also be performed when there is a tendency to worsen. In patients without severe flu risk factors, the onset time is less than 48 hours. In order to shorten the course of the disease and reduce the complications, it can also be antiviral treatment.
Develop good hygiene habits and receive influenza vaccine in the community throughout the year
Temperatures in March are still low, and when it is cold and warm, the temperature difference is relatively large. These are suitable for the survival of the influenza virus. Therefore, we must pay attention to the prevention of influenza. Xu Jun, Director of the Virus Control Center of Heilongjiang Province, suggested that maintaining good personal hygiene habits is an important means to prevent respiratory diseases such as influenza. The main measures include:
1. Wash your hands frequently, use soap or hand sanitizer and wash your hands with running water. Do not rub hands with dirty towels. Wash your hands immediately after your hands have contact with respiratory secretions (eg after sneezing).
2. Maintain good respiratory hygiene habits. When coughing or sneezing, cover your nose and mouth with a tissue or towel, wash your hands after coughing or sneezing, and avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with your hands.
3. To enhance physical fitness and immunity, a balanced diet, moderate exercise, and routines to avoid excessive fatigue.
4. Keep the environment clean and ventilated. Ventilate the windows several times a day to keep the indoor air fresh.
5. Minimize activities in crowded places and avoid contact with patients with respiratory infections.
6. Respiratory infection symptoms such as cough, runny nose, fever, etc. should be rested at home and consult a doctor as soon as possible.
Inoculation of influenza vaccine can significantly reduce the risk of flu vaccination and serious complications. It is recommended that influenza patients who are at high risk for the elderly, children, pregnant women, chronically ill patients and medical personnel should be vaccinated on a priority basis every year.
Xu Jun suggested that the subtype components covered by the influenza vaccine are recommended by the World Health Organization on the basis of the annual monitoring results and need to be vaccinated every year. The peak period of flu epidemics in our province is mainly from December to January. Since antibodies are not produced until one month after vaccination, it is best to vaccinate from September to October. Since there are also flus in other months, it is okay for people who are susceptible to receive flu shots, especially for children and senior citizens who are at risk of serious illness. And the flu vaccine is a type II vaccine that can be inoculated in the community and is very convenient.
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