The length of life of agricultural machinery, production efficiency, and accuracy of work depend on its own structure and performance, but it also depends to a large extent
For its use and maintenance level. The same equipment, orderly management, correct and reasonable use of operating procedures, and proper maintenance can prevent equipment from grinding abnormally
The occurrence of damage and accidents ensures the good operation of the equipment and gives full play to its proper performance. On the contrary, it does not attach importance to operational management and violates the rules for the use of equipment.
It will accelerate the wear and tear of equipment, and it will also cause equipment accidents, which will cause downtime and directly affect agricultural production.
First, the use of agricultural machinery and equipment
1. Pre-job training
Training-education-assessment-licensing-operation is the process through which farm machinery operators must independently use agricultural machinery and equipment. Training content in addition to safety education
In addition to the basic knowledge, it should also include the use of equipment, structure, performance, safety procedures, maintenance, lubrication and other technical knowledge and operational skills training.
After the corresponding technical training of the operating workers, need to carry out technical knowledge, operational skills and the use of maintenance and knowledge of the test, the qualified person after the operation certificate
Only use equipment independently. Voucher operation equipment is the basis for ensuring the correct use of equipment.
2. Seriously implement the use of rules and regulations
The use of equipment should be strictly responsible for the responsibility of the implementation of a fixed and fixed system to ensure that each device has a dedicated person to operate and maintain.
The use of equipment to do "three good, four will."
"Three goods" means good management, good use, and good repair. Good management means that the operator is responsible for keeping the equipment responsible for its use, and no other person is allowed.
Operation, and should ensure that the equipment accessories, instrumentation and protective devices, etc. intact; use well, that is strictly enforce the operation and maintenance procedures, prohibit overload
The use of equipment, careful maintenance of equipment, civilized operation of equipment; maintenance is good, that is, operators must cooperate with maintenance personnel for equipment maintenance, timely repair and removal
Equipment failure.
The “four sessions†means that they will be used, maintained, checked, and trouble-shooted. Will be used, that is, equipment operators should be familiar with the performance and structure of the equipment
, Transmission principle and working range, familiar with the equipment operating procedures and work requirements, the correct use of equipment; will maintain, that is, equipment operators should always maintain
Clean the inside and outside of the equipment, implement the lubrication regulations for equipment maintenance, keep the oil passages open, use the coolant properly, and keep the inside and outside of the machinery and equipment clean and in good condition.
It will check that the operator understands the structure, performance and vulnerable parts of his equipment, masters the inspection methods and basic knowledge, and understands the equipment.
Check the standards and inspection items, and perform daily inspections according to the specified items; troubleshooting will be the operator's familiarity with the characteristics of the equipment used
, understand the disassembly and assembly precautions and identify the normal and abnormal phenomena of the equipment, the general equipment adjustment and troubleshooting, the problem can not be solved by yourself
Report in a timely manner and cooperate with maintenance personnel to eliminate it.
Second, the maintenance of agricultural machinery and equipment
Maintenance procedure
The maintenance procedures are the technical specifications for the agricultural machinery operators to correctly grasp the operation skills and maintenance, and are based on the structure and operating characteristics of the equipment and
The requirements for safe operation stipulate the basic rules that must be followed by the equipment operator in all its operations, such as matters, procedures, and actions. Operator identification
The implementation of equipment maintenance procedures can ensure the normal operation of the equipment, reduce the failure and prevent accidents.
Equipment maintenance is the daily work that the operator must perform to maintain the normal technical state of the equipment and prolong its service life. Equipment maintenance work, according to time
Can be divided into routine maintenance and regular maintenance.
2. Maintain content
1) Routine maintenance (equivalent to the daily maintenance of the three-level maintenance system). Routine maintenance includes daily maintenance and weekend cleaning. Daily maintenance requires operators
The staff must do it in every operation. Before use, check the equipment's lubrication system, transmission system, operating system, sliding surface, etc., and then start the equipment;
It is necessary to strictly use the equipment in accordance with the operation regulations, and issue problems to handle the problem in a timely manner. After the operation, it is necessary to carefully clean the equipment and wipe it clean; thoroughly clean the equipment.
Washing and wiping are carried out in accordance with the four requirements of “neat, clean, lubricated, and safeâ€. Daily maintenance work should be done regularly and institutionalized.
2) Regular maintenance (equivalent to a primary maintenance of a three-level maintenance system). Regular maintenance is under the guidance of the maintenance workers and the equipment operators
The protection plan involves the dismantling and inspection of local or major parts of the equipment, thorough cleaning of internal and external surfaces, dredging of oil circuits, cleaning or replacement of filters, oil filters, etc.
Adjust the gaps between the various parts and tighten the various parts. The maintenance work of the electrical part is the responsibility of the maintenance electrician. The equipment maintenance card should be completed after the regular maintenance is completed.
Record the maintenance situation, and indicate the major problems and requirements that existed. Acceptance by the maintenance engineer, put forward treatment opinions, and feedback to the agricultural machinery repair department for processing.
.
Third, fault maintenance
Equipment failure generally refers to an event or phenomenon in which a device or system loses or reduces its prescribed performance during use; a device failure will cause the entire
Suspension of equipment directly affects agricultural production, especially in busy season, maintenance inspections should be conducted on the use of machinery in advance to take effective measures to control
The fault occurred.
1. Fault classification
Faults can be classified into gradual faults and sudden faults.
Steep failure occurs due to the gradual degradation of the initial parameters of the equipment. Most equipment failures fall into this category. This kind of fault and material grinding
Damage, corrosion, fatigue and other processes are closely related.
Sudden failures are caused by various kinds of unfavorable factors and accidental external influences. This effect is beyond the limit that the equipment can withstand.
It happened suddenly and there were no signs in advance.
2. Cause of failure
Causes of failure can be classified as abrasive failures, misuse failures, and inherent weaknesses.
Abrasion failure: Failure due to normal wear of the equipment.
Misuse Fault: Fault caused by improper operation and improper maintenance.
Inherent weaknesses: Due to design problems, equipment is vulnerable to failures that occur during normal use.
3. Failure Analysis and Troubleshooting
To ensure quick and effective troubleshooting, the following procedure must be followed:
The first step, keep the scene, perform symptom analysis. Ask the operator of the equipment to observe the condition of the whole machine, various operating conditions, and check the monitoring indication parameters
; Start device inspection under allowed conditions.
The second step, check the equipment (parts, components, lines). Use the senses to see, touch, hear, smell, check. Look: Whether there is any abnormality in the equipment department or the operation department
Whether the position is normal, whether the control position is correct, whether there is any trace of arcing or burning, whether the fluid leaks, and whether the lubricant path is unblocked. Touch: Equipment
Vibration conditions, temperature of parts, state of mechanical movement. Listen: There is no abnormal sound. Sniff: There is no burnt smell or other odor. Check: Equipment performance parameters change
Chemical and circuit anomaly inspection.
The third step is to determine the location of the fault.
The fourth step is repair or replacement.
The fifth step is to perform performance measurement.
After the equipment malfunctions, emergency measures should be taken immediately to prevent the loss from expanding, keep the site, and actively contact the farm machinery maintenance personnel to ensure the safety of the machinery.
Full use.
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