How to get out of the misunderstanding of fertilization and maximize the effect of fertilizer production is a major issue that deserves attention in current agricultural production.
Misunderstanding 1 ammonium bicarbonate superficial or with water pouring. Ammonium bicarbonate has the characteristics of being easily decomposed and volatilized (it is called "gas-manure"). The shallow surface application not only has a low utilization rate, but also causes ammonia to easily escape from the soil when the temperature is high. Fertilizers tend to adhere to the stems and leaves of crops, resulting in different degrees of burns, especially when pouring in the early morning. If the amount of water is small, the fertilizer can easily remain on the surface of the soil, causing loss of nitrogen volatilization.
When the use of ammonium bicarbonate as top dressing, the application of deep ditching and tightly covering the soil; if fertility is insufficient after fertilization, should be timely watering, in order to improve fertilizer efficiency. Some data show that the application of ammonium bicarbonate deeper than the shallow surface can increase the utilization rate by 10-30%, and increase production by about 10%, which is about 8% higher than that with water pouring.
Misunderstanding two urea surface shallow or flood irrigation immediately after application. Urea is an amide nitrogen fertilizer. After being applied to the soil, except for a small portion that is directly absorbed and utilized by crops, most of it is converted into ammonium carbonate under the action of urease in the soil and then is used for crop absorption; the chemical nature of ammonium carbonate is very unstable and easy to distinguish. Explain the release of ammonia. The application of urea to the surface can also cause the volatilization of ammonia. If applied to the surface of calcareous soil or alkaline soil, the volatilization of ammonia is more serious. In addition, urea can not be absorbed by the soil before it is converted into ammonium carbonate. If flood irrigation is conducted immediately after fertilization, urea will be leached to a deep layer to reduce fertilizer efficiency.
Countermeasures Urea is applied in dry land. Whether it is basal fertilizer or topdressing, attention should be paid to deep-seated cover soil to make the fertilizer be in a moist soil layer in order to facilitate the conversion of urea and prevent the volatilization of ammonia after conversion; if soil fertility is insufficient after fertilization , It can be watered in an appropriate amount, and the amount of watering is 20-30 cubic meters per mu. It is better to avoid flooding. Paddy field should be applied before irrigation, it is best to deepen, generally do not rush to irrigation after application, need to be separated every 3-5 days (that is, after conversion to ammonium carbonate) and then irrigation.
Misunderstanding of diammonium phosphate with water pouring. Diammonium phosphate is a phosphorus-based nitrogen and phosphorus binary compound fertilizer. If it is applied with water, the fertilizer is easily retained on the surface, causing nitrogen to evaporate. Phosphorus remains on the surface of the soil and cannot be absorbed by the roots of the crop.
When using diammonium phosphate as a top dressing, take a deep ditch and apply a depth of about 10 cm. After the application, cover the soil and water it.
Misunderstanding 4 using superphosphate seed dressing. Superphosphate contains 3.5-5% free acid and has a strong corrosive effect. It is used for direct seed dressing. Especially after a long period of seed dressing, it is easy to corrode the seeds and affect the emergence rate.
Countermeasures When using calcium superphosphate as a seed fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied under or to the side of the seed to isolate it from the seed.
Misunderstanding five with calcium magnesium phosphate for fertilizer. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a weak acid-soluble phosphate fertilizer, insoluble in water, fertilizer effect is slow, it is not suitable for top dressing.
Countermeasures: Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers and applied early to allow them to dissolve and transform in the soil for a longer period of time. In order to increase fertilizer efficiency, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers can also be mixed with organic fertilizers or co-piled and applied.
Six miscellaneous excrements were mixed with plant ash and stored after stacking. In rural areas, many farmers are accustomed to spreading ash in pits to absorb urine or to mix human waste with ash. As the plant ash is an alkaline substance, contact with human excreta will accelerate the volatilization of ammonia and increase the loss of nitrogen. According to the test, the mixing of the plant ash with human urine (1:1.5) for 3 days can make the loss of nitrogen 27.4%. Loss of 85.6% over 3 months of storage.
Measures to change the misuse of mixed human and fecal urine mixed with wood ash, the implementation of sharing points.
Misunderstanding 7 Apply human urine directly to vegetables. Human fecal urine often contains many kinds of pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs. If it is not detoxified without being cooked, direct application on vegetables will cause the vegetables to be contaminated and affect human health after eating.
The countermeasures are first carried out harmlessly, such as capping, sealing and stacking, and disinfecting drugs, and then applying them on vegetables.
Misunderstanding 1 ammonium bicarbonate superficial or with water pouring. Ammonium bicarbonate has the characteristics of being easily decomposed and volatilized (it is called "gas-manure"). The shallow surface application not only has a low utilization rate, but also causes ammonia to easily escape from the soil when the temperature is high. Fertilizers tend to adhere to the stems and leaves of crops, resulting in different degrees of burns, especially when pouring in the early morning. If the amount of water is small, the fertilizer can easily remain on the surface of the soil, causing loss of nitrogen volatilization.
When the use of ammonium bicarbonate as top dressing, the application of deep ditching and tightly covering the soil; if fertility is insufficient after fertilization, should be timely watering, in order to improve fertilizer efficiency. Some data show that the application of ammonium bicarbonate deeper than the shallow surface can increase the utilization rate by 10-30%, and increase production by about 10%, which is about 8% higher than that with water pouring.
Misunderstanding two urea surface shallow or flood irrigation immediately after application. Urea is an amide nitrogen fertilizer. After being applied to the soil, except for a small portion that is directly absorbed and utilized by crops, most of it is converted into ammonium carbonate under the action of urease in the soil and then is used for crop absorption; the chemical nature of ammonium carbonate is very unstable and easy to distinguish. Explain the release of ammonia. The application of urea to the surface can also cause the volatilization of ammonia. If applied to the surface of calcareous soil or alkaline soil, the volatilization of ammonia is more serious. In addition, urea can not be absorbed by the soil before it is converted into ammonium carbonate. If flood irrigation is conducted immediately after fertilization, urea will be leached to a deep layer to reduce fertilizer efficiency.
Countermeasures Urea is applied in dry land. Whether it is basal fertilizer or topdressing, attention should be paid to deep-seated cover soil to make the fertilizer be in a moist soil layer in order to facilitate the conversion of urea and prevent the volatilization of ammonia after conversion; if soil fertility is insufficient after fertilization , It can be watered in an appropriate amount, and the amount of watering is 20-30 cubic meters per mu. It is better to avoid flooding. Paddy field should be applied before irrigation, it is best to deepen, generally do not rush to irrigation after application, need to be separated every 3-5 days (that is, after conversion to ammonium carbonate) and then irrigation.
Misunderstanding of diammonium phosphate with water pouring. Diammonium phosphate is a phosphorus-based nitrogen and phosphorus binary compound fertilizer. If it is applied with water, the fertilizer is easily retained on the surface, causing nitrogen to evaporate. Phosphorus remains on the surface of the soil and cannot be absorbed by the roots of the crop.
When using diammonium phosphate as a top dressing, take a deep ditch and apply a depth of about 10 cm. After the application, cover the soil and water it.
Misunderstanding 4 using superphosphate seed dressing. Superphosphate contains 3.5-5% free acid and has a strong corrosive effect. It is used for direct seed dressing. Especially after a long period of seed dressing, it is easy to corrode the seeds and affect the emergence rate.
Countermeasures When using calcium superphosphate as a seed fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied under or to the side of the seed to isolate it from the seed.
Misunderstanding five with calcium magnesium phosphate for fertilizer. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a weak acid-soluble phosphate fertilizer, insoluble in water, fertilizer effect is slow, it is not suitable for top dressing.
Countermeasures: Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers and applied early to allow them to dissolve and transform in the soil for a longer period of time. In order to increase fertilizer efficiency, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers can also be mixed with organic fertilizers or co-piled and applied.
Six miscellaneous excrements were mixed with plant ash and stored after stacking. In rural areas, many farmers are accustomed to spreading ash in pits to absorb urine or to mix human waste with ash. As the plant ash is an alkaline substance, contact with human excreta will accelerate the volatilization of ammonia and increase the loss of nitrogen. According to the test, the mixing of the plant ash with human urine (1:1.5) for 3 days can make the loss of nitrogen 27.4%. Loss of 85.6% over 3 months of storage.
Measures to change the misuse of mixed human and fecal urine mixed with wood ash, the implementation of sharing points.
Misunderstanding 7 Apply human urine directly to vegetables. Human fecal urine often contains many kinds of pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs. If it is not detoxified without being cooked, direct application on vegetables will cause the vegetables to be contaminated and affect human health after eating.
The countermeasures are first carried out harmlessly, such as capping, sealing and stacking, and disinfecting drugs, and then applying them on vegetables.
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