Immune antibody monitoring of large pigs and breeders can provide the basis for controlling the disease. The blood collected from the anterior vena cava has the characteristics of sufficient blood volume, health, and good blood collection results. Using this blood collection method can obtain high-quality pig serum, which can make the immune antibody monitoring information more scientific and accurate.
1 needle
The difference in body shape between large pigs and fertile sows dictates the depth of blood collection during blood collection from the anterior vena cava. Generally large pigs and fertile sows use 5-10 mL disposable syringes to collect blood. The requirements for needle selection are: For pigs over 40 kg, the needle size of 12 38 mm should be selected. 1650 mm gauge needle.
2 Baoding
The Baoding effect affects the accuracy of blood collection and the efficiency of blood collection. Pigs are usually bred with a pig catcher or Baoding rope. Because of the different physiological conditions of big pigs and fertile sows, there are differences in the selection of Baoding.
2.1 Big pigs Baoding pigs adopt stand-up Baoding. One or two assistants use the nose or metal ballast to lock the maxilla of the pig, and then close or tighten the ballast, and quickly apply force to pull back. The pig's maxilla was slightly lifted and lifted so that the pig's forearm just landed and it was not practical. The pigs should be exposed on both sides of the chest cavity (ie, the ribs and the sternum before the combination of the uterine lacunae) to ensure accurate needle placement. When it was lifted, the pig focused on the nose and was in a posture of retreat, which could maintain a stable state.
2.2 The multi-bred sow Baoding can adopt the standing Baoding in the same manner as her sow. An assistant uses a Baoding rope to lift the sow's maxillary bone, and then pulls it to the front to lift the sow's forelimb just to the ground while allowing the sow to reach the ground. Both sides of the chest cavity exposed to accurately pin down. Keeping the sow as high as possible so that the head and neck with the horizontal plane above 30 angle.
3 Blood collection
3.1 Lower needle site The pig's anterior vena cava is located on the right first rib front. It is the venous trunk that guides the pig's head, neck, forelimbs, and most of the thoracic blood into the right atrium. It is in the thoracic front door, from the left and right jugular veins, and left and right. The confluence of the iliac veins.
The two obvious lacunae on the anterior side of the junction between the first rib and the sternal stem are the blood collection sites. Because the left side of the lacuna is too close to the sacral nerve, more blood is collected in the right lacune. Blood collection before blood collection should be routinely disinfected.
3.2 The anterior vena cava of the needle-needle pig is shallower and thinner towards the head and deeper and thicker toward the chest.
The blood vessels of big pigs and fertile sows are thicker than those of piglets. According to this feature, in the case of blood sampling for big pigs and fertile sows, the needles cannot be inserted too deeply. Fortunately, the needle is biased toward the direction of the trachea about 15. According to the size of the pig, the depth of needle penetration is generally 3-5 cm.
3.3 The blood collection method is the same for large pigs that harvest blood and fertile pigs. After taking down the needle, tighten the plunger of the syringe. If the blood collector feels a negative pressure on the hand and there is back blood in the syringe, it indicates that the needle has entered the blood vessel, and then the syringe plunger is used to take blood.
Usually the blood volume is about 5 mL. After the blood collection is completed, the needle is pulled out. After the blood collection site is pressed with a cotton swab to stop the bleeding, the large pig or the fertile sow can be released. After blood collection, clear blood collection sites and sterilize to prevent the spread of the disease.
If blood does not flow out after the next needle, it indicates that the needle does not enter the blood vessel. This may be caused by the deeper anterior vena cava. At this time, the needle can be squeezed by hand to deepen the needle. If the blood cannot be collected yet, the needle can be withdrawn. , Shake gently from side to side, wait until there is a sense of negative pressure and return to blood again.
3.4 The blood sample is kept in the test tube immediately after the blood is collected to prevent the blood from clotting, making it difficult to push it out. When the blood is pushed into the test tube, the needle must be slowly injected into the wall of the tube, the tube cannot oscillate, or the blood sample cannot generate bubbles, so as not to damage the blood cells and cause hemolysis, making it difficult to separate the serum. Push the test tube completely after it is pushed into the blood, so that the serum can be separated out, and then mark it on the test tube to indicate the ear number of the pig. Finally, the test tube containing the blood was placed in the centrifuge and was operated at 4000 r/min for 15 minutes. After the serum was successfully separated, 1-2 mL was sampled and marked. The samples were submitted for inspection after freezing.
4 Precautions
4.1 Environmental Requirements Blood collection sites should be well lit. When the blood is collected in the summer, the indoor temperature is best controlled at 26-29 °C. The collected fresh blood should be stored in an incubator with ice cubes in time. Indoor blood temperature in the winter when the best control at 14-21 °C, the temperature should not be too low or too high.
4.2 Requirements for Pigs To ensure that the test results are scientific and accurate, pigs should be allowed to stop eating for 8 h before blood collection.
During the blood sampling process, if the pig has difficulty in breathing or suddenly falls to the ground, he should immediately stop the blood collection and first aid the pig by injection of dexamethasone or epinephrine.
4.3 Inspection requirements Summer serum should be placed at room temperature for a period of time before submission. Winter serum should be placed in 24-36°C warm water for a period of time before submission. If anticoagulated whole blood is required for testing, anticoagulant should be added in advance in the syringe or test tube. If penicillin empty bottles are used as blood and serum storage containers, empty bottles should be washed with disinfectant solution, rinsed with water and dried for later use.
5 Summary
Pre-preparation of blood for anterior vena cava for large pigs and fertile sows requires good preparation, including the selection of needles and the determination of Baoding measures. When the blood is collected, the needle should be accurate and the needle size should be well controlled to ensure rapid and effective blood collection. Blood preservation should be done after blood collection to ensure blood quality.
Mastering the technique of collecting blood from pig anterior vena cava can improve work efficiency and obtain accurate and scientific antibody monitoring information.
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