1, do not pay attention to the breeding of dairy cows
Many farmers have raised cows in order to get rid of poverty. Some of them have poor breeding standards and poor aquaculture efficiency. They do not have sufficient funds to purchase high-quality dairy cows and can only purchase ordinary cows for breeding. At the same time, the importance of breeding work is not known in dairy cow breeding. Most of them use cheap frozen essence. At present, the price and quality of frozen semen are very different. Some breeding personnel charge fees according to the number of breedings, so try to use cheap frozen essence. Many cheap frozen sperm come from bulls with low breeding values, unstable genetic performance, and poor improvement, or have low conception rates or poor semen quality. Their use will definitely affect the quality of future generations of herds, leading to a decline in economic efficiency. cycle. Dairy farmers have indiscriminately chosen to breed their offspring dairy cows, leaving the mother to stay. This is also an important reason for the low quality of dairy cows. The small number of Tianliang breed cows, the lack of breeding measures and the lagging concepts have indirectly caused the consequences of low quality of dairy cattle breeds, low yields and poor economic returns.
2, do not pay attention to data recording work
Basically, no dairy farmers pay attention to data recording. At present, most dairy cow farmers tend to rely on their own memory and the status of cattle at the time to manage cattle. This makes it difficult to grasp the true state of cattle and it is not easy to adjust the amount of feed according to the actual situation. Volume and daily management, and the habit of developing records, can not only provide scientific basis for reasonable feeding and management, such as when the heat, when the breeding, when feeding, when cutting, when dry, when will production, etc. It also provides reliable information for breeding improvements and preventing inbreeding in dairy cows.
3, the disease "retreatment light defense"
Some dairy farmers, based on their years of breeding experience, believe that dairy cows have strong disease resistance and do not require strict disinfection. The health of cattle stables and sports fields is almost no problem. In fact, poor sanitation often causes milk to fail to meet sanitary requirements. In place may result in the onset or death of the milk year. Some dairy farmers have a high incidence of dairy cows due to poor management of feed and aquaculture. After the onset of illness, they mainly focus on treatment, often neglecting the cause of the disease. If diseases are prevented and prevented, and feeding and management are strengthened, some diseases can be prevented. , Such as obstetric diseases that are most harmful to dairy cows, nutrient metabolic diseases, rumen diseases, and limb and foot disease, can be reduced through the strengthening of feeding and management, poorly reared dairy cattle farmers, cows with multiple mastitis, calves are also susceptible to diarrhea Diseases, excessive feeding of concentrate feed prone to limb and foot disease and rumen disease, cow feed imbalance in nutrition, calcium and phosphorus imbalance, vitamin D deficiency cows susceptible to postpartum paralysis, prenatal control of nutrient supply, lack of exercise can lead to Cows are over-fed and often suffer from dystocia. Medullary necrosis occurs when the placenta does not fall. Cows enter the peak of lactation after birth, especially cows with high milk yield. It is inevitable that the energy is in a negative balance state. If the energy in the diet is Insufficient protein will slow the recovery of the uterus and ovaries, affecting estrus and abortion.
4, do not feed hay or hay quality is poor
Many dairy farmers feed grass with green grass, feed hay without grass, feed straw without hay, and even feed straw without straw. This is just like raising pigs. In this way, cows are severely deficient in roughage and eat a large amount of concentrated feed. This will make the alkaline rumen environment acidic, resulting in indigestion, severe acidosis and even death. In the case of a few dairy farmers who use only the pupa as silage, instead of feeding hay, the situation will be even worse. This will directly lead to a reduction in milk production, a decrease in milk fat percentage, further triggering ruminal acidosis, a shift in abomasum. Leg-hoof disease, ketosis, postpartum sputum and other diseases, resulting in short-term use of dairy cows, increased disease scouring rate, low economic efficiency. It is recommended that for lactating dairy cows, feeding 3 to 5 kg of high-quality hay per head per day can effectively improve the acidic environment of the rumen and increase milk fat content. In addition, 100 to 150 g of sodium bicarbonate and 30 g of magnesium oxide can be added to the diet.
5, improper mix of materials
Many farmers do not attach importance to the use of dairy cows' feed and adopt self-mixing methods. They can simply mix the manufacturer's compound feeds with their own raw materials. The concentrates are mainly composed of corn, bran, and pancake. Mixed, resulting in uneven feed nutrition, inappropriate ratio of calcium and phosphorus and amino acids, lack of minerals, trace elements, and vitamins, resulting in milk production performance can not be fully exerted. There are also a few rural households that add prolactin and antibiotic additives to their diets. Although they can quickly increase milk production in the short term and meet the dairy farmers' blind demand for milk production, it is impossible to increase the overall production level. It will have many side effects on the normal functioning of dairy cows' health and production performance. The effect of increasing milk production will not last long, and even the quality of milk produced will be unacceptable. Therefore, farmers must buy a feed production license when they choose to feed their dairy cows. When the regular manufacturers feed their own feed, they should use the forage resources in Chongqing as much as possible to diversify and provide comprehensive nutrition for feed. Things that cannot be added must not be added blindly.
6, little exercise, no sunbathing or very little sunbathing
Most dairy farmers raise their cows with their ropes on their heads or necks regardless of the season. They rarely let the sunsake and exercise. This seriously hinders the metabolism of bones and fetal growth. It can lead to difficult production of dairy cows, no placental clothing, no obvious estrus, poor constitution, and vulnerability to limb and foot disease. Generally, dairy cows are required to exercise for at least 2 hours a day. Dry cows should also be increased. If they cannot provide sports grounds due to space restrictions, they should also use artificial guidance to exercise and moderate exposure to the sun in order to promote metabolism and keep them. Exuberant appetite and normal function improve the body's ability to resist pathogenic microorganisms.
7, do not brush the body, do not pay attention to cooling work
Many dairy farmers are not accustomed to brushing their bodies with a brush or a comb every day. As a result, many cows have a lot of dirt on their bodies. They have to use the body wall, columns, and feeding troughs to relieve itching and seriously affect the health of the cows. Daily brushing Swab body can not only maintain the health of the body, but also promote the metabolism of the skin. It can also establish a good relationship of trust with the cattle, benefit the health of the body and produce qualified raw milk that meets the hygiene standards. Dairy cows are cold-resistant, heat-insistable animals, and extreme weather such as hot and humid summer and autumn in Chongqing are common. They do not attach great importance to heatstroke prevention work and can easily cause cows to suffer heat stroke and die suddenly.
8, do not attach importance to disinfection of the source and insect repellent work
Disregarding the importance of disinfection in two aspects, one is that the breeding sites are rarely disinfected or not sterilized at all, and the cattle farm hygiene is not valued. The cattle farms have poor environmental hygiene, cross-flow of excrement and urine, and breeding of mosquitoes, resulting in long-term dung of dairy cows. Urine soaking state, resulting in foot rot disease, multiple arthritis, mosquito breeding, seriously affecting cattle rest, cattle are ruminants, can only chewed back at rest, chewing, rest is not good, of course, ruminating poor chew, and indigestion, nutrition Bad, affect milk production. The second is that when the milk is not changed, the dirty pelvis is still used to wash the breasts, causing one cow to have mastitis and to infect other cows. The cattle farmers are not as good as the pig farmers. The pig farmers also know that pigs are frequently dewormed. The cattle farmers rarely know how to deworm the cows, which causes the breeding of various parasites inside and outside the cattle, and draws on the nutrition of the cows, seriously affecting the dairy cows. health. The correct approach is to use insect repellents once every six months.
Dairy farmers must pay attention to the study and application of aquaculture technology, radically change the traditional backward culture habits and concepts, conscientiously do a good job of cows feeding management, from full to eat well, pay attention to epidemic prevention and disinfection, in order to reduce the occurrence of various diseases, improve the breeding The level of production of health, safety, pollution-free raw milk, in order to better improve economic efficiency and ability to withstand market risks.
Processing high-throughput samples, intelligent reuse for large-capacity publishing, work surface: 200cm, 8 sample injection needles, 12 temperature-controlled incubation positions, 12 room temperature incubation positions, 32 plate storage positions, Sunrise microplate reader, HydroFlex plate washer, up to 512 specimens, sequential loading of samples, reagents, microplates Parallel loading of up to 6 plates for fast dispensing.
The automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer is based on the principle that the enzyme and the substrate can produce a color reaction, the absorption lines of different substances have different characteristics, and strictly abide by the Lambert-Beer law, quantitative and qualitative analysis of substances. instrument. The method of analyzing the content of various enzymes such as antigen or antibody generally mainly adopts colorimetric method. In practice, spectrophotometry is the basic working principle of an automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer. The light emitted by the light source lamp becomes a beam of monochromatic light after passing through a filter or a monochromator. The monochromatic light beam passes through the sample to be tested in the microtiter plate, and part of the monochromatic light beam is absorbed by the sample and reaches the photodetector. The intensity of the light signal projected on it is converted into the magnitude of the electrical signal by the photodetector. This electrical signal is processed by pre-amplification, logarithmic amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, etc., and then sent to the microprocessor for data processing and calculation, and the test results are output by the display and printer. The microprocessor completes the movement in the X and Y directions of the mechanical drive through the control circuit.
The automatic enzyme immunoassay analyzer adds the sample to the microwells of the pre-coated antigen or antibody microtiter plate, washes after the reaction, removes the unseparated ligand, then adds the enzyme isolate, after incubation, washes again , remove the unseparated compound, and then add the enzyme substrate, after the reaction, the colored final product is formed, and the stop solution is added to stop the reaction. The absorbance of each microwell of the microtiter plate is read by the wavelength that has been set by the spectrophotometer. The concentration value of the analyte in the sample is calculated by the absorbance value of the sample and the standard curve, so that the quantitative result can be obtained, or the absorbance of the sample is compared with that of the standard product, so that the positive or negative qualitative result can be obtained.
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