Release date: 2016-03-17
The human acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, infects important helper T cells in the immune system, thus reducing immunity, but how does the virus escape the immune system? The research team at the Scripps Research Institute in California, USA, studied the outer shell structure of the HIV virus and found that a special shell structure might be the secret weapon for the virus to escape the immune system.
In the past, it was difficult to study the complete shape of the HIV virus. Because the virus structure is very fragile, it is often quickly torn apart. It can only be solved from the debris, and now, with the advancement of cryo-electron microscopy, it can finally be seen once. The structure, the research team found that the outer shell of the virus is like a broccoli with many dendrites protruding out, and when the antibody is to be combined with the virus, the numerous branches on the surface, like the anti-airborne pile, hinder the antibody and the target structure. Combined, and the entire outer shell can be deformed, making it difficult for immune cells to catch the virus.
Where the HIV virus binds to the infected target cell, there are three proteins that are not tightly linked, and this region is an important region of viral activity, and is also a region of various variant virus strains. If antibodies can block this region, then The virus has no effect, but in this important area, many sugar chains are protected like anti-airborne piles, preventing antibodies from binding to them. Although the human immune system can produce antibodies against viruses, antibodies are not easy to hit targets, which is why it is not easy to develop HIV vaccines.
However, now that there is a deeper understanding of the structure of HIV, it opens up the possibility of developing more efficient antibodies. The research team can study the distribution of these sugar chains and find out the loopholes in the anti-airborne pile work. Antibodies that cross these barriers are expected to be a weapon against HIV, whether it is to develop an HIV vaccine, or to make antibodies directly into new anti-HIV drugs. With the cryo-electron microscopy to see the true face of the virus, humans have taken another step forward in the battle against HIV.
Source: Technology News
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