Summer apple planting techniques and techniques to prevent diseases such as rot and disease, apple rot disease, commonly known as rotten skin disease, stinky skin disease, is an important disease of apple trees in northern China. The disease is mainly caused by the result of a tree that is more than 6 years old, causing the tree to weaken, the branches to die, the dead trees, and even the destroyed garden. North China, Northeast China, and Northwest China are common. Apple rot pathogens are weak parasitic bacteria, and all factors that can cause the tree to weaken can induce apple rot. The disease has two extended peak periods in one year.
That is, from March to April and August to September, spring is heavier than autumn. When the tree is strong and the nutritional conditions are good, the incidence is mild. When the tree is weak, lack of fertilizer and drought, and the result is too much, after the freezing damage and the occurrence of red spider, the rot disease occurs greatly, resulting in a decrease in fruit moisture.
The prevention and control of apple tree rot disease should adopt the strategy of “blocking invasion, increasing resistance, and extending expansionâ€, and establishing the basis for improving the disease resistance of the tree and reducing the base of the bacteria source, and protecting the branches and cutting edges to prevent invasion. Timely cure the comprehensive prevention and treatment technology system of lesions.
Agricultural control science fertilization and irrigation: balanced fertilization, increased application of organic fertilizers, bacterial fertilizers, etc., increase nutrient accumulation of trees and improve disease resistance. Before and after fruit picking, apply organic fertilizer once according to “1~2 kg of fertilizer per kg of fruitâ€, apply biological bacterial fertilizer once in the germination stage, apply the ditch or apply. Appropriate amount of topdressing during fruit expansion.
Reasonable load: According to the age of the tree, tree potential, soil nutrition and other conditions, thinning flowers and thinning the fruit, adjust the load of the tree. Due to the fixed production of trees, the medium-level orchard generally retains the fruit according to the ratio of leaf to fruit of 40:1, and the weak tree appropriately reduces the amount of fruit.
Appropriate plastic trimming and protection of the wound: proper shaping, avoiding big slashing and damaging the tree. Use a method such as applying a healing agent to protect the cutting saw in time and minimize various wounds, such as frostbite, sunburn, insect pests, etc., to prevent the invasion of germs.
Remove the source of infestation and do a good job in the health of the orchard. The branches and branches of the winter shears are stored in a concentrated manner, and the film is covered to prevent the growth and spread of germs. Cut off the diseased dry branches and dry piles in time, scrape off the old and old skins, thoroughly clean the litter, etc., and burn them or bury them deeply.
Disease resistance induces the immunostimulant such as amino oligosaccharide to be sprayed on the leaf surface before flowering and fruit expansion, and the disease resistance of the tree is improved. The medicament is used to control the branches and paint the medicament. The tree trunk is white after the fruit trees are fallen. In the young fruit stage, thiophanate-methyl or thiamoxylin or chlorpyrifos is used to coat the trunk for 1~2 times. Before the application, the thick and old skin of the tree is scraped off and taken out of the garden to burn.
The tree sprays. Before the leaves of the fruit trees fall to the early spring, the whole tree is sprayed with a broad-spectrum fungicide with therapeutic effects such as tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl, etc. The key parts such as trunks, branches and branches must be sprayed and pressed to reduce the decay. The source number of the pathogen. At the same time, the prevention and control of diseases such as brown spot, spotted leaf disease, rust, leaf mites and golden moths during the growing season will prevent the early decline of fruit trees and weaken the tree potential.
Scaling the disease spots, bridging and rejuvenating. Spots were found and scraped off in time. When scraping, the discolored tissue of the diseased part and the connected skin tissue of about 5mm are carefully scraped, deep into the xylem, and even the green cut is sturdy and prismatic. The edge of the lesion is neat and smooth, leaving no hair, and then at the lesion. Apply thiophanate-methyl and other agents. Large lesions that exceed 1/4 of the trunk should be bridged and rejuvenated in time.
Recently, Zhang Zhicheng, a fruit expert at Northwest A&F University, was interviewed on the prevention and treatment of apple tree rot disease, which is most concerned about fruit farmers. He said that apple tree rot disease is a common and difficult to treat disease. In the past, most of the treatments used high-toxic pesticides such as Fumei arsenic, which had long residual effects and were harmful to human body. In order to meet the requirements of pollution-free production technology, new laws should be taken to prevent and control, as follows:
The chili wine method will use 50 grams of pointed red pepper (better fresh pepper), chopped into 500 grams of white wine with a knife, and sealed for half a month. Before the application, the diseased tissue of the decayed part of the fruit tree should be scraped off. In order to prevent the infection and expansion of the diseased bacteria, the skin should be beyond the edge of the lesion by 1-1.5 cm, the wound should be smoothed, then coated with chili wine, and then coated once a week until it is cured. .
Nicotine mixture method industrial alkali 3 kg plus 50 kg of water, formulated with alkaline water, and then added to the cut dry stem stem 2.5 kg, sealed for 3 days is the nicotine mixture. First use a knife to scrape the rot layer of the apple tree, then apply the nicotine mixture to the affected area and apply it several times in a row.
In the alkaline water immersion method, the edible base surface and water are mixed into an alkali solution at a ratio of 1:5. Scrape the sickness, use a small brush to fully apply the alkaline water to the diseased area, and the surrounding area is more than 5 cm beyond the disease, so that the alkali solution can fully enter the bark. Then, the plastic film is tightly tied, and it is carried out again after 10 days, and the plastic film is released after half a year. The cure rate of this method is above 85%.
The salt water immersion method is prepared into salt water at a ratio of 2.5% with salt, and is boiled in a pot, and then cooled for use. Then scrape the disease. In March-April or August-September, all the diseased necrotic bark on the dried fruit branches were scraped off with a sharp knife, so that the diseased tissues around the diseased disease were surrounded.
The bark around the diseased stalk is cut into a 45-60 degree slope to facilitate healing of the disease. Apply salt water to the scratched diseased area with a brush. The application range is more than 2 cm. Scrape one place, apply one place, and apply once more than half a month.
In the garlic liquid sterilization method, the garlic is kneaded into garlic, and the garlic liquid is prepared by adding 10% saline solution in a ratio of 1:1. Scrape the disease first, apply the liquid to the diseased area with a small brush or a brush, and 3-5 cm beyond the disease, and then apply it again after 10 days. The cure rate of this method is above 90%.
The caustic soda method was applied with caustic soda solution plus 5 times water to apply the healthy bark at 0.5 cm around the affected area. After 3 days of application, the affected area was dry, atrophied and hardened. After 10 days, the surrounding skin developed callus, no side effects, and low cost.
This article URL: How to prevent rot and other diseases in summer apple planting techniques
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