Modular plant phenotypic analysis technical solution (1)

Modular plant phenotypic analysis technical solution (1)
- Overview: flexible, convenient, low-cost plant phenotype technical solutions

One of the most compelling research hotspots in the field of life science research - various new concepts and new disciplines of omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics And metabolomics, etc., have gradually developed since the early 1990s. With the rise and development of various omics, in the late 1990s, the concept of phenomics appeared for the first time in the official literature on the basis of the phenome.

Figure 1. Relationship between genotype and phenotype

Just like PCR technology and high-throughput gene sequencing technology paved the way for the development of genomics and transcriptomics, the development of mass spectrometry and chromatography technology led to the development of proteomics and metabolomics, as well as plant phenotypes. Corresponding research and analysis techniques are needed.
At present, various international and domestic research institutions and universities are constructing large-scale high-throughput plant phenotypic analysis platforms, among which Photon Systems Instruments' PlantScreen high-throughput plant phenotypic analysis platform is the most advanced technology representative. These platforms generally consist of a plant phenotype imaging analysis unit, a high-throughput sample automatic transfer unit, an environmental control unit, software, and a control unit. Although powerful, it also has shortcomings such as long construction period, high cost, and difficulty in experimental design.

Figure 2. PlantScreen large high-throughput plant phenotypic analysis platform built in China and abroad

Therefore, many researchers use multiple sets of small plant phenotypic analytical instruments to form a modular plant phenotype research system, which can also complete a good plant phenotype omics study to a certain extent, and also solve such as research time constraints. Problems such as insufficient funds, special experimental conditions, and field research. The table below summarizes the differences between large high-throughput plant phenotypic analysis platforms and modular plant phenotypic analysis systems.

Table 1. Differences between large high-throughput plant phenotypic analysis platforms and modular plant phenotypic analysis systems

Â	Large high-throughput plant phenotypic analysis platform	Modular plant phenotypic analysis system
System composition	Plant phenotype imaging analysis unit, high-throughput sample automatic transfer unit, environmental control unit, software and control unit, etc., generally large in size	Multiple sets of small plant phenotyping instruments, which can be laboratory, field, portable or even handheld instruments
Installation conditions	Generally, it takes tens to hundreds of square meters of laboratories, greenhouses or culture rooms, and it needs supporting power supply and water supply facilities. Field research requires special sample sites and installation facilities.	Generally only need a few square meters of space under normal laboratory conditions, portable or handheld instruments can be applied to a variety of indoor or field conditions
Research object	Generally for whole plants, such as Arabidopsis, corn, rice, etc.	Research objects are not limited, such as leaves, fruits, wheat ears, flowers, whole plants, etc.
Sample throughput	High-throughput automatic measurement from dozens of strains, hundreds of strains, or even thousands of samples	Typically manual measurement for a single sample
Experimental cycle	Equipped with environmental control unit, the whole life history of plants can be measured under ideal conditions, and the single measurement period can be up to one hour.	Measuring the life history of a plant at one or a few stages, generally without high-throughput monitoring of the full life history
system design	Need to be customized according to specific research objects, installation locations, experimental needs, etc.	Because there are no restrictions on installation conditions, research objects, etc., it is only necessary to determine the module according to the experimental requirements.
analytical skills	Imaging analysis techniques such as visible light RGB imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, hyperspectral imaging, and thermal imaging	In addition to the above imaging techniques, various non-imaging plant physiology research techniques such as infrared gas analysis technology, handheld chlorophyll fluorescence/hyperspectroscopy, lysimeter technology, etc. can be used.
System flexibility	Generally only used at the installation site, each imaging unit cannot be used as a separate instrument	Each module is a separate instrument that can be used in different locations
Expansion and upgrade	Technically difficult and costly	Modules can be added at any time based on experimental progress
Installation cycle	It usually takes at least several days to a week to install, and it may take more than a month from training to good operation of the entire platform.	Generally, the installation and commissioning can be completed in one day, and the experiment can be started after the training.
System cost	Usually need millions or even tens of millions of yuan	Generally from hundreds of thousands to millions of yuan

Table 1 is only a general description, and the actual situation is more diverse. For example, plant phenotypic systems, in addition to large high-throughput and modular, there are compact, sample-and-integrated systems in between. This classification is not absolute and can be selected according to the actual situation.
For example, although it is difficult to expand and upgrade large-scale phenotype platforms. But there are also cases in reality.
The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) has three sets of older plant phenotypic platforms that are not capable of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. IPK worked with Photon Systems Instruments to upgrade the FluorCam-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence imaging unit originally used in the PlantScreen high-throughput plant phenotypic imaging system for these three systems, and the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging unit is compatible with the original system. Complete high-throughput photosynthetic phenotypic measurements (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Left: FluorCam-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence imaging unit upgraded by IPN Systems Instruments for IPK; Right: Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco, and corn chlorophyll fluorescence Î¦ _PSII imaging images measured using this upgrade system

As the sole agent and after-sales service center of Photon Systems Instruments in China, Yiketai Eco-Technology Co., Ltd., in addition to providing PlantScreen high-throughput plant phenotypic analysis system and corresponding technical services for Chinese scientists, can also provide FluorCam chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Technology-based modular plant phenotypic analysis technology program. The technical solutions can be flexibly assembled according to the needs of users. All modules are from the world's leading instrument manufacturers, and have published a large number of SCI documents to ensure data reliability and recognition. At the same time, Ekotech's EcoLab Ecological Laboratory itself is equipped with multiple modular plant phenotype instruments, which can provide technical services and scientific research cooperation for users.
In the follow-up, we will introduce various modular plant phenotypic analysis technical solutions through domestic and foreign scientific research cases and published literature, so stay tuned.

Figure 4. Part of the modular plant phenotyping system

references:

Schork N J. Genetics of complex diseaseâ€”Approaches, problems, and solutions. Am J Resp Crit Care, 1997, 156: S103â€“S109
Walter A et al. Plant phenotyping: from bean weighing to image analysis , Plant Methods, 2015, 11(14)
Junker A, Muraya MM, Weigelt-Fischer K, Arana-Ceballos F, Klukas C, Melchinger AE, Meyer RC, Riewe D, Altmann T. Optimizing experimental procedures for quantitative evaluation of crop plant performance in high throughput phenotyping systems. Front Plant Sci 2015. doi:10.3389/fpls2014.00770.
Tschiersch H., Junker A., â€‹â€‹Meyer RC, & Altmann, T. (2017). Establishment of integrated protocols for automated high throughput kinetic chlorophyll fluorescence analyses. Plant Methods, 13, 54.

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