Disposal of microbial laboratory waste!

Disposal of microbial laboratory waste!

The object of the food microbiology laboratory is pathogenic microorganisms, so the waste organisms, waste gas and waste generated during the operation are inevitably accompanied by pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, in order to ensure the biosafety of the laboratory, it is necessary to timely treat the waste liquid, waste gas and waste generated during the experiment. Prevent them from infecting laboratory personnel and contaminating the laboratory and the surrounding environment.

The management of laboratory waste disposal and disposal shall comply with the requirements of national or local regulations and standards, and the relevant authorities shall be consulted and recommended. Before designing and implementing a plan for the handling, transportation and disposal of biohazardous waste, you must refer to the latest edition of the relevant documentation. The purpose of laboratory waste management is to reduce the risk of handling, collecting, transporting, handling and disposing of waste to zero, and to reduce its environmental hazard to zero. Laboratory waste treatment can only use recognized technologies and methods, and waste discharges should meet national or local regulations and standards. In general, autoclaved waste can be disposed of in a designated landfill or incinerated elsewhere. The ash in the incinerator can be disposed of as ordinary household waste and transported away by local authorities.

The laboratory shall have measures and capacity to safely dispose of and dispose of hazardous waste in the laboratory; shall have policies and procedures for the handling and disposal of hazardous waste, including provisions for emission standards and monitoring; methods for the treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes shall be assessed and avoided. risk;

Wastes should be disposed of and disposed of according to relevant standards according to the nature and hazard of hazardous wastes; hazardous wastes should be disposed of in specially designed, dedicated and labeled containers for the disposal of hazardous wastes, and should not exceed the recommended loading containers. Sharps (including needles, knives, metal and glass, etc.) should be disposed of directly in a tamper-resistant container; hazardous materials should be disposed of by trained personnel and appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn; no waste and laboratory should be stored Waste; should be stored in a designated safe place before disinfection or final disposal; laboratory waste that does not meet relevant transportation or discharge requirements should not be removed from the laboratory; should be disinfected and sterilized in the laboratory Wastes of highly pathogenic biological factors; if the regulations permit, as long as the packaging and transportation methods meet the transportation requirements for hazardous waste, untreated hazardous waste can be transported to the designated agency for disposal.

The following describes the treatment of laboratory waste in conjunction with the Food Microbiology Laboratory.

First, the treatment of waste liquid
Food microbiology laboratory wastewater comes from cultures with pathogenic bacteria, wash water, and other diagnostic test samples. For the wastewater generated by the laboratory, it should be disinfected and sterilized as soon as possible to prevent the spread of pollution, and the management of pollution sources should be strengthened.

The waste liquid treatment methods are chemical reagent method and heat sterilization method. Different methods are used to treat the waste liquid according to different treatment targets and processing requirements.

(1) Chemical Pharmaceuticals <br> Chemical disinfectants can be classified into sterilizing agents, disinfectants and bacteriostatic agents according to their sterilization. The chemical disinfection of wastewater is preferably carried out by using a related generator, a siphon administration method or a high-level tank administration method, or directly at the wastewater inlet. A chlorine generator for liquid chlorine is introduced, a chlorine dioxide generator for chlorine dioxide is introduced, a generator for sodium hypochlorite or a liquid reagent is placed, an ozone generator for ozone is placed, and a hydrogen peroxide generator for hydrogen peroxide is supplied.

(2) Physical Thermal Method <br> Biosafety Laboratory Physical Thermal Method The waste liquid treatment system continuously disinfects the waste liquid by heating, so that the waste liquid can be treated in the shortest possible time. Avoid causing the spread of pollution.

Continuous waste liquid sterilization is a new technology for sterilizing biological waste liquid, which is mainly used in the treatment of biological safety laboratory waste liquid. The waste liquid produced by the laboratory enters the buffer liquid storage tank from the waste liquid inlet through the double-layer drainage pipe, and the generated waste gas is sterilized by the high-efficiency filter and discharged from the gas permeable pipe. When the liquid level reaches a certain height, the waste liquid outlet valve is automatically opened, and the flow rate control pump is started at the same time. The waste liquid is pressed into the preheating/cooling cabinet at a set flow rate for preheating treatment, and then enters the electric heating sterilizer, and the waste liquid is sterilized by the electric heating sterilization coil in the sterilizer. The sterilized waste liquid is then cooled into the preheating/cooling cabinet through the buffer tube, and the cooled waste liquid is discharged through the drain outlet. If this is done, it is returned to the reservoir via a return line or directly processed again. The preheating/cooling cabinet passes through the heat exchanger to preheat the sterilized high temperature waste liquid to the incoming waste liquid, and at the same time is cooled by itself to save energy. Compared with traditional tank sterilization technology, continuous waste disinfection has greatly improved efficiency, effectiveness, safety and cost savings.

(3) Mixed treatment method <br> For the biosafety laboratory, there are many types of experiments in the laboratory, and it is necessary to treat the waste liquid differently, and it is suitable for the treatment system using the chemical agent and the physical heat mixing method. The system combines the thermal method continuous waste liquid sterilization system with the chemical treatment device, performs heat sterilization treatment and chemical treatment on the waste liquid, and can chemically disinfect the pipeline in the sterilization system.

(4) Second-stage wastewater treatment system <br> The second-stage wastewater treatment system can treat wastewater discharged after treatment by the first-stage waste liquid treatment system in the biosafety laboratory, and can also be treated from canteens, bathing pools, toilets, The general domestic sewage of the wash basin and the non-pathogenic microorganisms discharged during the ordinary experiment, but the wastewater containing other chemical pollutants. The second-stage wastewater treatment system has the functions of effectively removing acid and alkali, heavy metals, organic solvents and killing common microorganisms, so that the treated water quality can reach the standard of discharge or reclaimed water.

The principle and process of the second-stage wastewater treatment system are as follows: the wastewater from the biosafety laboratory is degreased by the oil separator, and the domestic sewage is removed from the larger solid float by the grid with a pore size of 10 mm, and then collected into the regulating tank. The mixing treatment is carried out, and then processed by a grid having a diameter of 2 mm to 5 mm to remove solid floating objects having a diameter larger than 5 mm, and enter the primary sedimentation tank. After the sedimentation, the supernatant liquid flows into the biochemical treatment tank for biochemical treatment, and then precipitates in the secondary sedimentation tank and then enters the contact pool for final treatment, which is in compliance with GB 8978 “National Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard”.

Second, the treatment of waste gas
The exhaust of the food microbiology laboratory, the equipment (biological safety cabinet, fume hood, etc.) will have pathogenic microorganisms. If this exhaust gas is directly discharged into the laboratory, it will infect people and animals, causing epidemics. Outbreaks are a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the exhaust gas generated by the laboratory can be discharged after strict disinfection.

The pollution waste gas of the food microbiology laboratory mainly comes from the exhaust of the laboratory air conditioning ventilation system, biological safety cabinet, negative pressure fume hood, dry/wet heat disinfection sterilizer, centrifuge exhaust hood and other equipment that is easy to produce bacteria and toxic aerosols. , as well as soot emitted from incinerators.

The overall requirement for the installed air supply and exhaust system is to control the flow direction and pressure gradient of the laboratory, so that the gas passing through the primary, intermediate and high efficiency three-stage filter flows from the cleaning zone to the pollution zone; The lower row minimizes airflow dead spots and turbulence in contaminated and semi-contaminated areas; in particular, ensure that laboratory air is only exhausted through a dedicated exhaust duct through a high efficiency filter. The first stage high efficiency filter should be installed at the front end of the laboratory exhaust pipe (other ventilation equipment is the same). If you need to install the second stage exhaust air high efficiency filter, it should be connected in series from the first high efficiency filter. After 500mm as far as possible before the exhaust fan (select easy to maintain, easy to operate and easy to replace places, such as exhaust fan technology mezzanine). Installation and replacement of high efficiency air filters should be robust and air tight and should be performed by a qualified technician. Usually the high-efficiency filter should be sterilized before replacement or in a position where the filter can be replaced in an airtight bag. Maintenance personnel should wear protective clothing when handling emergency treatment, and the replaced high-efficiency filter should be disinfected or incinerated immediately. Each high-efficiency filter should be inspected after installation, replacement, and maintenance. It should be monitored daily during operation and periodically tested to ensure its performance. It should be able to control the pressure balance and response speed of the exhaust ventilation system of the laboratory exhaust system and other exhaust equipment (biological safety cabinet, negative pressure fume hood, animal negative pressure isolator, centrifuge exhaust hood, etc.). Automatic interlocks should be installed to ensure that there is no positive pressure in the laboratory and that other exhaust equipment does not flow back. The exhaust of the laboratory should be efficiently filtered and discharged by the exhaust fan into the air. The external exhaust vent should be away from the air supply vent and set in the downwind direction of the dominant wind. It should be at least 2m above the roof of the building. It should be designed to prevent rain, rat and insects, but it does not affect the direct discharge of gas. A hermetic sealing valve shall be installed at the air supply and exhaust air mains, and if necessary, it may be completely closed for indoor or duct chemical fumigation or cycle sterilization.

Third, the disposal of solid waste
Solid waste refers to solid or semi-solid substances that are produced by human beings in production, construction, daily life and other activities and are no longer of use value to the owner at a certain time and place.

The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste (No. 31 of the President of the People's Republic of China, December 29, 2004) stipulates the prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by industrial solid waste and domestic garbage, and pollutes the environment with hazardous waste. Special regulations have been made for the prevention and control.

The solid waste of the food microbiology laboratory is derived from laboratory equipment waste, waste samples and cultures containing infectious biological factors, discarded infected animals, and laboratory waste air purification materials. The waste generated by the food microbiology laboratory is a hazardous waste and cannot be recycled. It must be disposed of after disposal or disposal by incineration. Solid waste poses a significant threat to human health or the environment due to improper handling, storage, transportation, disposal or management negligence. The collection, transportation and storage of polluting wastes shall be carried out in accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes.

All discarded samples, cultures, and other biological materials should be disposed of in specially designed, dedicated, and labeled containers for the disposal of hazardous waste and stored centrally at designated locations. Before being removed from the laboratory, it should be treated by autoclaving, chemical disinfection or other approved techniques, then placed in a sealed container, sorted and marked, and safely transported out of the laboratory by a person. The full amount of biological waste containers cannot exceed their designed capacity. Sharp tools (including needles, knives, metal and glass) should be placed directly in the tamper-evident container. The culture must be autoclaved at 121 ° C for 30 min.

The live specimens on the slides should be placed in a closed container for autoclaving, or immersed in 3% solution of Sol or 5% carbolic acid solution for 24 hours before disposal. After the bacteria are sucked, put into the 5% coal phenol soap solution or carbolic acid solution after use, soak for at least 24h (the disinfectant liquid should not be lower than the height of the immersion) and then autoclave at 121 °C for 30 minutes. The liquid of the smear dyeing and rinsing sheet can generally be directly washed into the sewer. The rinsing liquid of the pathogenic bacteria must be flushed into the beaker and can be poured into the sewer after being autoclaved. Slides or plates for agglutination tests must be autoclaved before washing. To break up the culture, immediately spray and soak the contaminated parts with 5% coal phenol soap solution or carbolic acid solution, soak for 30 minutes and then wipe clean. Contaminated work clothes or work clothes, non-disposable test caps and masks worn by the pathogen test should be placed in a special disinfection bag and can be washed after autoclaving.

The laboratory shall ensure that hazardous waste is disposed of by suitably trained personnel using appropriate personal protective equipment and equipment. It is not allowed to accumulate garbage and accumulate laboratory waste. The filled containers should be sealed in time and stored in a designated safe place usually in the laboratory area before decontamination or final disposal.

Beijing Baiou Bowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has Biolog microbial identification system, ultra-low temperature refrigerator, biological safety cabinet and other instruments and equipment for routine molecular experiments on microbial separation and identification. The demand for life science research, biotechnology innovation and industrial development in China is actively facing the society and even collecting and collecting microbial resources. Under the premise of ensuring biosafety and protecting intellectual property rights, we provide microbial species resources, genetic resources, information resources and professional technical services for industrial and agricultural production, health, environmental protection and scientific research.
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