The southern region has hot weather, high water levels, and rainy and humid conditions. For example, Guangzhou is located on the subtropical coast, and the Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle and southern parts. It is a maritime subtropical monsoon climate characterized by warm and rainy weather, abundant light and heat, and a long summer and short frost period. The average annual temperature is 20-22 degrees Celsius, the hottest month of the year is July, and the average monthly temperature is 28.7 degrees Celsius. The coldest month is January, and the monthly average temperature is 9-16°C. The average relative humidity is 77%, and the annual rainfall in urban areas is about 1,720 mm. In the year, April to June is the rainy season, July to September is hot, there are multiple typhoons, moderate temperatures in October, November, and March, and a cool winter from December to February. The construction of pig beds in the southern fermentation bed mainly considers factors such as site selection, ventilation and cooling.
1. The selection of building foundations.
Select a place with high topography, dry ventilation and low groundwater level. For areas with lower groundwater levels in the south, it is recommended to use above-ground or half-ground. Keep away from urban water sources and traffic main roads; and as far away as possible from other production areas, such as traffic arteries, villages, factories, railways, etc., in order to minimize the possibility of disease transmission; but it is also necessary to have convenient transportation. Anti-epidemic, but also easy to solve the transport and other issues. At the same time, it is required to be built in a place rich in groundwater, high dryness, and unimpeded drainage. If the natural conditions cannot meet this requirement, it should be solved by adopting an uplifted terrain and digging drainage ditch around the pig house. It is best to be more than 400 meters away from the main arterial road, generally not less than 300 to 400 meters away from the railway and the first and second class roads, preferably over 1000 meters, not less than 150 to 200 meters away from the third-class road, not far from the fourth-grade road Less than 50 to 100 meters. At the same time, it must be 500 to 1,000 meters away from the residential areas and factories. If there are barriers such as fences, rivers, forest belts, the distance can be shortened appropriately. From other farms should be 500 to 1500 meters above, from the slaughterhouse and veterinary hospital should be 1000 to 2000 meters. It is forbidden to build sites in tourist areas and areas where industrial pollution is serious.
2. The pig house generally chooses east-west direction, and the direction of the house is best to face north and south, or according to the actual situation of private plots. The spacing of each pig house is generally about 8-10 meters. Planting trees and flowers (including vegetables, flowers, etc.) are planted around the pig farm and in the farm area.1 The topography and topography should be high and the groundwater should be below 2 meters. The topography should be sheltered from the wind, and pig farms should not be built on foothills and valleys to prevent the formation of air vortex over the farms, but also to avoid the northwest direction of the mountain pass and long valley to reduce the winter wind and snow invasion. The terrain should be open and neat, with a sufficient area, generally 40 to 50 square meters for each breeding sow, and 3 to 4 square meters for commercial pigs. The ground should be flat and slightly gentle, in order to facilitate drainage, the general slope of 1% to 3% is appropriate, the maximum does not exceed 25%.
2 Soil quality Requirements The soil has strong permeability and water permeability, weak capillary action, low moisture absorption and thermal conductivity, uniform texture, strong pressure resistance, and is not contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms. Sand permeability is high, water permeability, capillary effect is weak, moisture absorption is small, but the thermal conductivity is strong, easy to increase temperature and reduce temperature, unfavorable to pigs. Clay has poor air permeability and permeability, strong hygroscopicity, pronounced capillary action, and low pressure resistance, which is unfavorable to the stability of buildings and has low thermal conductivity. Sandy soil combines the advantages of sand and clay and is ideal for building soils. But not necessarily demanding.
3. Fattening houses are generally 8-10 meters wide, 40-60 meters long, and single-aisle walkways are 1.2 meters wide. The type of pig house is generally 10 meters wide and 50 meters long, with a double row middle walkway 1-1.2 meters. The intake table and cement table stay 0.6 meters. The pork sty is best built into a square, 30-40 square meters is appropriate. Piglets can be larger in single laps. The nursing sow is 1.8 meters (3.0-3.5 meters).
4. The southern eaves are 3 meters high and the roof is 1.4 meters, totaling 4.4 meters.
5. If the structure adopts brick and tile structure (Southern brick wall is 0.18m thick), the roof should be insulated, and the color plate thickness in the south is 8-10cm. Thermal insulation is good and durable. It is best to use an open structure with a roller blind.
6. Set the skylight.
To install the sunroof, open the sunroof at a height of 30 cm below the ridge, with a caliber of 40-50 cm, one per 4-5 m, and walk in a zigzag pattern. It can be staggered installation without power fan and power fan. The suitable humidity range for pigs is 65% to 80%. Tests have shown that pigs have the fastest growth rate and the best fattening effect at temperatures ranging from 14 to 23°C and relative humidity of 50% to 80%. The humidity of the litter of the fermentation bed can not be too large, otherwise it will cause oxygen deficiency in the fermentation bed, and then die. The maximum allowable value of harmful gases in the piggery is 3 000 mg/kg for carbon dioxide, 30 mg/kg for ammonia and 20 mg/kg for hydrogen sulfide. If exceeds the standard index, it is easy to stimulate the upper respiratory tract mucosa of pigs, causing inflammation, infection or respiratory diseases such as swine wheezing, infectious pleuropneumonia, and swine plague.
7. Install cooling facilities.
Outside the temperature of the big pig stage is above 15°C, or when the outside temperature in the nursery stage is above 20°C, the roller blind can be fully opened. When the temperature is slightly lower, the roller blinds are appropriately opened according to the situation, and the ventilation is combined with the sunroof and the floor window at the same time. During the hot season, not only exhaust emissions but also cooling are required. Because of the heat produced by the fermentation, the cooling load in the piggery in the fermentation bed is greater than in the cement shed. At this time, mechanical ventilation and cooling equipment should be turned on. The cooling bed in the fermentation bed is cooled and the cooling effect is better. A chiller is essentially a closed wet curtain, but it has a distinct advantage over a wet screen. The chiller is a positive-pressure blower, and the doors and windows need to be fully opened during operation. The ventilation effect is good, and the humidification is not obvious. It is precisely in line with the need for open ventilation and cooling of the fermentation bed house. Negative pressure fan. It is generally used in closed breeding, pregnancy, and delivery rooms. Through the operation of the blower, the air in the house is driven to generate air flow, and the heat, harmful gas, dust and the like in the house can be discharged and the fresh air outside the house can be brought in. Pay attention to the length of the pig house and the number of installed fans. Wet paper curtain. The wet paper curtain mainly removes the heat of the air passing through the wet paper curtain through the evaporation of water. Use in a closed pig house and need to cooperate with a negative pressure fan. A reasonable use of a negative pressure fan and a wet paper curtain can effectively reduce the temperature in the pig house to around 3-5°C. industrial fan. Fans are used in open-type pig houses for cooling. The fan has a large amount of air and has a significant cooling effect. Foam board. Thicker pig house roof foam board, enhanced thermal insulation performance, can be used in all kinds of pig houses, with good results. In the long run, it is best to plant trees around the pig house, which is economical and environmentally friendly, and can play a good thermal insulation effect.
8. Newly-built sheds can be combined with windows and windows. Doors and windows can be as large as possible and can be fully open.
Sunroof windows play a role in convection, wicking and breathable. [Old pigsty renovation: add skylights and windows (ie, the wall's ventilation holes). Skylights should be installed at the top of the roof, one for each two. The size of the ground windows is about 40 x 70 square centimeters, and the height of the ground floor is about 20-30 centimeters above the ground floor. Highly affecting the rise of hot and humid gas on the ground. If it is too low, it may enter rainwater during the rainy season.】
9. The fence should not use solid walls, use steel pipes or wire mesh.
This not only facilitates ventilation, but also does not occupy space, and at the same time it does not affect the overall communication of the fermentation bed and increase the communication between herds. The lower edge of the fence should be 10-15 cm below the surface of the litter to prevent pigs from entering other pens from the under-column gap. The fence is best to be easily dismantled so as to adjust the litter of the herds and pigs after slaughter.
10. The ground does not harden so that it can breathe and seep.
The benefits of retaining the land surface at the bottom of the fermentation tank are that soil can provide some nutrients to the functional bacteria; secondly, excess manure water in the fermentation bed can penetrate into the soil in time and play a part in eliminating and buffering the load of excreta and urine. The third is the good permeability of the soil, which is conducive to the fermentation of oxygen supply. When using the land surface, the ground should be slightly smoothed and dried as much as possible. Where the groundwater table is high, sand and sand can be placed in the bottom of the bed of the fermentation bed to 10-15 cm to prevent the inflow of underground moisture into the fermentation bed (this method is suitable for the design of a new bed).
11. The fermentation bed is left during construction. The depth of the tank is greater than 50 cm and can be controlled within 60-70 cm. Make a 50-cm fermentation bed directly on a level surface.
In the flat design of the housing, try to increase the area of ​​the fermentation bed and reduce the cement floor. In principle, no cement floor is left except for the necessary walkways, troughs, and drainage below the drinking fountains. The space that holds the fermented mattress material is called the fermentation tank. The fermentation tank is as large as possible. In principle, a whole-through fermentation tank is used in a pig house, which not only has high fermentation efficiency but also has a low construction cost. The depth of the fermentation tank is equal to the thickness of the litter. The depth of the fermentation tank is 50-60 cm. The walls of the fermentation tank should be made steeper slopes and should be cemented. The corners of the pool should preferably be curved, without right angles.
12. The lower part of the drinking fountain should be used as a diversion table to prevent the drinking water from flowing into the fermentation bed and causing the humidity of the fermentation bed to be excessive.
The chute is placed on an aisle on the side of the walkway. The fatteners and feed troughs are generally on opposite sides of the fattening pig house. A 40×40 cm square diversion platform was built under the drinking fountain. A diversion hole was made at the junction of the water diversion platform and the wall of the house, and the water leaking from the drinking fountain was drained to the outside of the house. Boars and sows' drinking fountains can be placed above the trough.
13. It is necessary to install the induced draft fan on the east wall or west wall of the Shelter. According to the number of areas, the fan size is 1.4*1.4 meters and the height of the bed is 0.6 meters. Summer ventilation and humidity.14. The outdoor drainage ditch should be dug through. Generally, the ditch depth is 10 cm lower than the bottom of the fermentation bed and the width is 30-40 cm. During the rainy season, special attention should be paid to the smooth drainage in the farm.
15. The upper and lower two-layer culture mode can be adopted. Above the slatted floor, underneath is a fermentation bed with an automatic tipping machine. This model is costly but more scientific, more convenient, and healthier. Reinforced concrete slabs and slats, whose specifications can be determined according to the design requirements of pigsheds and manure ditch, trapezoidal cross section is trapezoidal, upper and lower narrow, easy to leak manure, its main structural parameters: metal woven floor net, by the diameter of 5 Millimeters of cold-drawn round steel woven into 10mm x 40mm, 10mm x 50mm gap mesh and angle steel, flat steel welding, and then made of anti-corrosion treatment, this leakage seam floor network has a good effect of dropping, Easy to wash, clean and dry in the column, non-slipping when the pig walks, and good use effect. It is suitable for sow and nursery pigs. Plastic slatted floor, which is made by moulding of engineering plastics, can combine small pieces into a large area, featuring easy flushing and disinfection, good insulation, corrosion protection, non-slip, strong and durable, and good leakage of manure. It is suitable for females. Pigs and nursery pigs. The overturning machine usually costs about 15,000 meters and the automatic overturning machine is about 15,000. All of the above are recommended solutions. The specific construction is based on the actual situation. For details, please contact Beijing Huaxia Kangyuan Technology Co., Ltd.
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