On the 19th, the US International Trade Commission initiated a "337 investigation" on sleep-disordered breathing treatment equipment products produced and sold by a Chinese company and its US subsidiary. The US International Trade Commission issued a statement on the same day saying that the investigation involved Beijing Yihe Jiaye Medical Technology Co., Ltd. and its sales subsidiary in Florida, USA. The investigation was conducted on medical equipment products used to treat sleep-disordered breathing.
The statement said that ResMed, based in California, USA, filed a complaint with the U.S. International Trade Commission on July 19 this year and accused the U.S. import and sale of sleep-disordered breathing treatment equipment products sold on the U.S. market infringement of the company's patents and demanded U.S. international trade. The committee initiated the “Investigation of Section 337†and issued an order of exclusion and prohibition of import orders.
The so-called "337 Survey" of the United States was first named after the "Section 337 of the United States Tariff Act of 1930," and has undergone several major revisions. According to this provision, the US International Trade Commission has the power to investigate complaints concerning patent and registered trademark infringements, and it also conducts investigations involving misappropriation of trade secrets, product packaging infringement, imitation, and false advertising. The "337 investigation" not only supervises international trade, but also controls inter-state trade in the United States. Therefore, the object of law enforcement is not only foreign companies but also domestic American companies.
According to relevant procedures, after the US International Trade Commission initiated the "337 investigation," the agency must determine the target time for final arbitration within 45 days and complete the investigation as soon as possible. Usually the case needs to make a ruling within one year. If the company involved is found guilty of violating Article 337, the U.S. International Trade Commission will issue exclusion orders and prohibit imports of related products, which means that the products involved will be completely disqualified from entering the U.S. market.
Since the beginning of this year, the United States has repeatedly launched a "337 investigation" on Chinese products. Many Chinese companies, including Huawei, ZTE and Sany Heavy Industry, have been accused of infringement. The Chinese Ministry of Commerce has repeatedly stated that it hopes that the U.S. government will abide by its opposition to trade protectionism, jointly safeguard a free, open and fair international trade environment, and properly handle trade frictions in a more rational manner.
Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation.
The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.
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