The high yield of winter wheat is related to reasonable fertilization. How to fertilize winter wheat to achieve high yield?
Getting up to jointing is the key period of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing. After winter wheat turns green to before heading, vegetative growth and reproductive growth go hand in hand, and nutrient absorption increases rapidly. This is the key period that determines the number of effective ears and grains of wheat. Therefore, in addition to all organic fertilizers, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers and part of nitrogen fertilizers as base fertilizers, most of the nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used for topdressing from the top to the joint.
The specific method is to first clarify the planting area where the fertilized field is located, increase the average yield of the past three consecutive years of high yield by 10% to 15% as the target yield, and then find the corresponding fertilization amount. Regarding the distribution of fertilizers, organic fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are all used as base fertilizers; the emphasis on nitrogen fertilizers is that the focus of fertilization is appropriately shifted. Except for the rain-fed dry wheat areas in the western region, all the base fertilizers are used as a one-time application. Half of the amount, the rest is mainly used as top dressing, applied from the rise to the jointing stage.
For the three types of seedling wheat fields with a total number of stems less than 450,000 acres, lighter leaf color and poor growth before returning to green, timely fertilizer and water management should be implemented. Topdressing in spring can be divided into two times. The first time is in the greening period, 5-8 kg of urea per mu is applied with watering, and the second time is 10-15 kg of urea per mu with watering in the jointing period; The total number of stems per mu is between 450,000 and 600,000, and the group is small for the second-class seedling wheat field. During the wheat rise period, combined with watering and topdressing 10-15 kg of urea per mu; the total number of stems per mu is 60-80 before turning green. For the first-class seedling wheat field suitable for the population, 12-15 kg of urea per mu can be topdressed with watering from the beginning to the jointing period; for the total number of stems in the mu before turning green, the leaf color is dark green, and there is prosperity. For wheat fields with a growing trend, inter-cultivation should be adopted to suppress, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer, control the growth of the population, and prevent lodging and late maturity. Generally, 8-10 kg of urea per acre can be topdressed in the later stage of jointing.
In addition, regional characteristics should be considered: for dry wheat fields, soil preparation and sowing should be suitable for soil preparation and sowing, and sowing with harrows; in the later stage of wheat, one spray and three preventions, namely suitable chemical pesticides and urea, amino acids, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc. Fertilizers are mixed or sprayed together to achieve the purpose of preventing diseases and insect pests, preventing dry and hot wind, preventing premature aging and increasing grain weight.
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