At present, there are more and more small-scale pig farms in rural areas. To make small-scale pig farms more efficient, they must strictly abide by scientific management procedures for scientific feeding. The author has summarized seven references for small-scale pig farms based on years of feeding experience.
One must raise lean meat varieties. At present, the overall requirements of the hog commodity market are mainly high-quality, high-cost, lean-type pigs, where pure-breed lean boars are crossed with local sows to form binary and ternary hybrid pigs. In general, the doubling rate of the binary hybrids is 51%, the lean meat ratio of the three-way hybrids is 58%, 13%-20% higher than that of the local pigs, and the finishing period can be shortened by 70-80 days.
Second, the appropriate breeding scale. The first is the scale of self-cultivation and self-cultivation. The number of basic sows is about 100, and about 1,600 commercial pigs are slaughtered each year. The second is the scale of piglet fattening. About 1,600 commercial pigs are slaughtered each year. The third is the scale of breeding piglets, and the number of basic sows is about 100.
Third, the appropriate breeding density. The small pig farms have a small space. The owners of the pig farms tend to have higher breeding stocks for higher profits. The normal rearing density is 0.7 square meters for each weaned piglet, 1.2 square meters for each finishing pig, and 10-15 heads per group is appropriate. If it is lower than this standard, it is easy to cause poor air quality in the pig house and frequent respiratory diseases.
Fourth, we must optimize feeding and management. In order to achieve the goal of lean-type production, the optimization of feeding and management is the key, and the key is to “promote, control, and increaseâ€. "Improve" is: in the early stage of growth, sufficient amount of feed energy feed, promote meat, bone growth, mainly in the main content of starch such as sweet potatoes, corn, feed, mixed with high protein feed, with particular attention to adequate protein feed supply. Because the protein in pig lean meat is as high as 21%, the main reason is the conversion of crude protein in feed. Therefore, in the growth process of pigs, appropriate amount of protein feed should be fed in stages. The weight of previous pigs was 20-45 kg, and the feed protein content was about 20%. Mid-term pigs weighing 45-70 kilograms, feeding protein content of 16% is good. The latter period is not less than 14%, and the whole is 4%-10% higher than the protein of the fat-type pig feed. The "secondary control" is: In the later growth period, the amount of energy feed is suppressed, and generally it does not exceed 85% of the total food intake. Controlling fat deposition can increase the lean meat content. "Three Pluss" is: Appropriate and reasonable use of additives. Some users use additives excessively, resulting in low efficiency and waste. Eucommia powder can promote muscle fiber development, so that the meat is delicious, the general amount of 0.2% -0.3% is appropriate; humic acid inhibit pig fat deposition, the general maximum dose should not exceed 0.6%.
Fifth, we must provide a suitable environment. The growth of lean pigs requires the external optimum temperature should be 18-21 °C, the temperature is too high, feed intake decreased, daily gain slowly. Therefore, measures such as shading, water spray, ventilation and ventilation should be taken in summer, and measures should be taken in winter, such as temperature sheltering, wind blocking, and temperature increase, so as to form an appropriate temperature to promote fat production and prevent protein deposition.
Sixth, we must strengthen the prevention and control of epidemics. For small pig farms, standardization and scientific immunization are very important. Mainly to achieve four norms: First, regulate the facilities and equipment, adhere to the scientific design, scientific prevention as the main; second is to standardize the epidemic prevention program, adhere to the regular epidemic prevention; the third is to regulate the pig disease prevention, adherence to self-professional self-diagnosis; four is the specification Stricken disease prevention, adhere to the whole into the whole, off-site transactions and after-sales disinfection. At the same time, we must adopt scientific methods of disinfection, not only to regularly disinfect, use enough doses, but also a variety of disinfectants, bactericidal and bactericidal disinfectants used alternately in order to achieve the purpose of eliminating a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. UV disinfection should be used conditionally. Idlers and cats, dogs, and rodents should also be strictly prohibited.
Seventh, we must choose the best slaughter period. The best slaughter period can create the highest efficiency for raising pigs. Timely slaughter, usually about 3 months old, and more than the actual weight prevail. Frequently, 80-85 kg of binary pigs and 85-90 kg of Sanyuan pigs are preferred, and premature or late consumption will impair feeding efficiency.
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