The current positive value of sweet potato cultivation is appropriate. Now we will introduce the main points of the cultivation technology of sweet potatoes as follows:
First, choose good breeds. Sweet potatoes need high yields, and improved varieties are the key. In order to ensure high yield of sweet potatoes, the varieties should be changed or detoxified every two or three years, and new varieties or virus-free varieties should be purchased from the agricultural scientific research department. Try not to buy potato seedlings without known name and characteristics from the market.
Second, deep plowing. Sweet potatoes are drought-tolerant crops and should be planted with well-drained sandy soils. Sandy soil has higher yield than viscous soil, and its skin is smooth and of good quality. Combined with the application of organic fertilizer for deep ploughing, it can increase the living soil layer, improve the ventilation, facilitate drainage, increase the temperature and increase the temperature difference, improve the ventilation conditions of the lower stems and leaves, and is conducive to root production and root swelling. The bigger the sweet potato is, the higher the yield is. In the plain area, the average ridge distance is 80 cm (80 cm after the planting of the sweet potato), and the thin and dry land in the mountainous area can be narrowed appropriately, with a ridge height of 30 cm.
Third, timely planting strong seedlings. Under appropriate conditions, the earlier the planting, the higher the yield. To plant seedlings and high cut seedlings. High-cutting seedlings can reduce various diseases such as virus disease, stem nematode disease, and black spot disease, and increase production by more than 10% compared with planting roots.
Fourth, rational dense planting. Proper and close planting is a central link in increasing production. The planting density should be determined according to the four factors of variety, soil strength, water and fertilizer conditions, and planting time. The later the same species, the higher the planting density should be, the higher the fertility area should be thinner, the lower the fertility area should be denser, and the water-irrigated mountainous dryland area should be more than 20% denser than the plain high-fertilizer land. In the plain area, the medium and short vine cultivars are generally cultivated, 3,000 strains of spring mulberry are planted, and 3500 strains of summer stalks are planted.
Fifth, economic fertilization. For every 1000 kilograms of fresh potatoes produced, the whole plant (including dead leaves) needs to absorb 5 kg of nitrogen (N), 1.4 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) and 11.3 kg of potassium (K2O), and a certain amount of trace elements are also needed. Sweet potato is a good potassium crop, and the ratio of sweet potato to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption is 1:0.7:2. High-fertilizer land, it is necessary to strictly control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, with emphasis on applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer results in only potatoes not growing. Potassium sulfate is generally used in production, without potassium chloride. The method of fertilization is: Before the deep plowing, the Mushi earth-fertilizer 3000-4000 kilograms, high-quality potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kilograms. After dressing 1-2 times, the spring potato was in July, that is, after the potato, the surface was cracked. The method is: using a backpack sprayer, remove the spray film, each bucket of water (about 13-15 kg) plus urea 0.5 kg, potassium sulfate 1 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5-1 kg, borax 100 g, phoxim ( Or 200-250 grams of methyl acetyllithium), completely dissolved and stirred, poured into the cracks around the sweet potato trees, 4-5 barrels of water per mu. The top dressing is best selected according to the weather forecast before it rains. After fertilizing, it is penetrated by rainwater to play the double role of top dressing and killing of underground pests.
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