Camellia is a chicken species unique to Yunnan Province. It is petite and exquisite, weighing only 0.5 to 1 kg. It is one of the six famous chickens in Yunnan and one of the rarest chicken breeds in the world. It has a long feeding history in Xishuangbanna. In 2000 was included in the list of world varieties. Camellia has a strong adaptability, delicious meat quality, high nutritional value, much loved by consumers, has good development advantages and broad market prospects. However, the current large-scale farming of Camellia sinensis in rural areas has problems such as the lack of scientific breeding techniques, low feeding and management levels, and non-standardized immunization, which brings many difficulties and problems to large-scale breeding of Chaffinch. In this paper, based on the actual situation of local breeding of camellia, a preliminary discussion is made on how to do a good job of large-scale feeding and management of camellia in rural areas.
I. Characteristics of Xishuangbanna Camellia
As a chicken breed of origin, Camellia has the following characteristics and characteristics: (1) Adaptability. (2) Has omnivorous habits, resistance to roughage, social habits, etc., is very suitable for single-family free-range and large-scale feeding. (3) The meat is delicious and nutritious. (4) Fast growth and short feeding cycle.
Second, large-scale breeding and feeding management of Camellia chicks
1. Brooding period (35 to 40 days old):
Nutrition requirements: According to the growth characteristics of cultivated semi-wild chickens of the genus Camellia, in principle, local feeds are mainly used in combination with scientific rearing and brooding. The pellet feed has a diameter of 0.3 cm, and the feed for the brooding period is The pellet feed is broken up again to make it a fine crushing material for chicks to feed.
2. Chicken feeding methods:
There are two types of flat raising (land raising and high bed raising) and cage raising. In the rainy season from May to September in most areas of Xishuangbanna, it is better to promote multi-dimensional cages (three-dimensional net beds). Raising brooding is the use of the ground or scaffolding flat raising, in the ground shop chopped straw, tanned skin, sawdust, dried leaves or the use of moderate mesh barbed wire, plastic nets, wooden bar high bed flat.
3. Feeding management during brooding period:
Create the best environmental conditions for chicks and ensure proper temperature, humidity, ventilation, lighting, and breeding density. Always observe chicks' mental status, appetite, activities, and excrement, and observe and treat the sick and weak chickens in a timely manner. Treat the sick and dead chickens in a harmless manner. In the prevention or treatment of chicken disease try to use Chinese herbal preparations and probiotics. The requirements are: (1) suitable ambient temperature and humidity; (2) supplementary lighting; (3) eating and drinking; (4) timing grouping; (5) grazing; (6) putting pasture fences.
Third, the breeding and management of camellia during the breeding and fattening period
1. Nutrition and fattening period (40-180 days old) Nutritional requirements:
At this stage, the feed can be prepared by itself, supplementing the lack of free food in the field. Feed formula corn 9.5%, rice 8.2%, bran or wheat 8%, potato 7.5%, soybean meal 9%, imported fish meal 7% (in the 15 to 20 days before the basket feed is prohibited to add fish meal), shell powder 1.3%, Multi-dimensional 25 grams, 40 grams of trace elements, while adding bran, cereal, green feed, including corn, wheat can be fed by germination. It can feed artificially-produced animal foods such as cockroaches, fly pupae and insects to increase protein nutrition and maintain the original flavor of the original chicken.
2. Feeding methods:
Mainly adopt grazing rearing. Every morning, evening and evening meal, rice, corn, and other grain feeds are fed to green feed such as lettuce and grass. During the day, you can have free food and play in the woodlands, hills, and grasslands. Return to the hut at night and perch on the scaffold.
3. Breeding and fattening period management:
(1) Reasonable rearing density; (2) Set up a sand bath; (3) Clean drinking water; (4) Deworming; (5) Strictly implement anti-epidemic procedures; (6) Do a good job of disinfecting; Disinfect the chicken farm and chicken house door The pool often maintains a fresh disinfectant.
IV. Immunological management of large-scale breeding of Camellia
1. Immunization procedure:
One-day-old Marek's vaccine was injected subcutaneously on the dorsal side of the neck.
At the age of 3 days, Newcastle disease + transmission (ND + 1B), diluted with physiological saline, 1.5 servings per feather, eye drops or nasal drops.
15 to 18 days of age, infectious bursal vaccine, water 2 hours, diluted with 0.2% skim milk powder, 3 to 5 ml per pigeon, 2 hours to drink, drinking water or drops.
From 22 to 30 days of age, Newcastle disease + transmission, diluted with saline, 1.5 servings per feather, eye drops or nasal drops.
At the age of 35 days, the chicken pox vaccine was subcutaneously punctured.
At the age of 60 days, subcutaneous injections of bird flu oil seedlings were performed on the back of the neck, 0.3-0.5 ml per bird.
80 days of age, Newcastle disease, 3 to 5 servings per pigeon, plus 2.2% skim milk powder, drinking water.
2. Immunity precautions:
(1) Adopt comprehensive defensive measures before and after immunization, strengthen feeding and management, and improve internal and external environmental sanitation, especially in terms of free-range, stocking, and ground-fed chickens. 2 to 3 days before and after immunization, it is forbidden to disinfect the chicken house, environment, poultry, feed, and drinking water with various disinfecting drugs. Drinking water can add multidimensional elements. (2) Newcastle Vaccine System, Newcastle Disease Cloning 30, and Newcastle Disease Infectious Bronchitis vaccine combined with eye drop, nose, and blister method. 1000 parts are diluted with 30-50 ml and shaken to completely dissolve the vaccine. . Make sure the instilled vaccine is inhaled in each nose, eye or eye of each chicken. The immunization of vaccines such as Bursa, Newcastle Vaccine, and Newcastle disease + transmission should adopt the method of dehydration and should pay attention to drinking water management. Before the immunization, the water supply was stopped for 2 (summer) to 3 hours (winter) and the chicken was thirsty. Drink the vaccine solution with twice the usual drinking water equipment, or vaccinate in groups. Wild-breeding, wild-breeding flocking drinking water equipment is placed in a cool place away from light and heat. The amount of drinking water is determined by the age of the chicken and is generally the same as the amount of feed. Drinking water Do not use tap water containing disinfectant. Well water, springs or cold water can be used. No drugs can be added to the vaccine water. (3) When using the spray method to immunize the Newcastle Vaccine System, the H120 vaccine, and other vaccines, the vaccine diluent 0.2% skim milk powder, each chicken spray 2 to 3 doses of vaccine. One-week-old 1000 chickens were sprayed with 300 ml, and 2–3 weeks old chickens were sprayed with 500 ml. 800 ml more than 4 weeks old. The spray is best at night. The spray must be about 50 cm above the body of the bird. The right size fog drops slowly in about 20 minutes. Spraying can cause serious side effects in chickens with chronic respiratory symptoms. Wild chickens must be sprayed while spraying in a calm wind condition where the birds are relatively concentrated.
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