Release date: 2016-03-28
After reading this title, you must have a question in your heart: Who is the most deadly infectious disease? Please let me sell it!
Report a set of data first. According to the World Health Organization, about 2.4 billion people worldwide carry the bacteria that cause the disease. Correct! You are not mistaken, it is not billions, which means that one out of every three people!
Don't panic because the incidence of this disease is low, and less than 10% of carriers will eventually develop the disease. In 2014, the number of people worldwide was about 10 million, and the death toll was 1.5 million.
It is tuberculosis, and there is a name that has caused panic among generations.
You may suddenly realize it, and then say without fear: Oh! It is, indeed, with the efforts of people all over the world, tuberculosis is no longer a disease that people can talk about. After all, the cure rate is now 98%, and most people will not die. Because tuberculosis is contagious, the only thing they have to pay is: a half-year vacation to limit freedom!
With such a high cure rate, you are tired of being tortured by work. Do you want to take a sick leave? Don't move this idea, after all, health is not a joke, the tiger does not show up, you really think it is a sick cat.
According to Yuan Duan Duan, a reporter from Southern Weekend, the World Health Organization’s latest Global Tuberculosis Report 2015 shows that in 2014, 1.5 million people worldwide died of tuberculosis and the death toll exceeded AIDS. More than half of the world's tuberculosis cases (54%) occur in developing and backward countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan. Among them, there are up to one million new cases each year in China, and there are as many as 550 million people carrying tuberculosis pathogens (almost two people, one of them is carrying it, which is the lower rate of pathogens carried by developed countries in the West).
Of course, there are serious problems such as drug resistance of pathogens and complications. I will not overemphasize the seriousness of tuberculosis prevention here. Because the above evidence is sufficient to illustrate the importance of the article published in the top medical journal Lancet on the 23rd (1).
On March 23, just one day before the World Tuberculosis Day, a research team co-sponsored by the Gates Foundation, NIH, EU and African Medical Research Department for more than 10 years announced that they have discovered a convenient blood genetic testing method. It is predicted 1 to 2 years ahead of which tuberculosis carriers will develop into tuberculosis. "This is a real major breakthrough," said Barry Bloom, a veteran of tuberculosis prevention at Harvard University who did not participate in the study.
The hand red ice box is the one of the article Dan Zak
This method of predicting who will be infected in advance can effectively prevent the spread of tuberculosis and is more conducive to the treatment of patients. This discovery is also of great significance for companies developing new drugs.
Of course, this major discovery is not easy. From research papers, the study was launched as early as 2005. Between 2005 and 2007, the research team collected more than 6,000 volunteer blood samples from South Africa and followed them for two consecutive years. Then, the difference in the amount of gene expression in the blood of the infected person and the healthy person in the pathogen carrier was compared. After conducting a large amount of data analysis and comparison, the researchers found that 16 genes were significantly higher in the blood of infected people than in healthy people. Therefore, the research team used the 16 genes as markers for differentiation.
Next, the research team did validation tests in two separate regions. It turns out that these 16 genes do distinguish between infected and non-infected people. From the final statistical data, the accuracy of the method of genetic testing is about 80% when predicting whether it is infected after 1 year. The closer to the onset, the higher the accuracy. Although it does not achieve 100% accuracy, it is already a very exciting result for people engaged in tuberculosis prevention research.
From the current results, this detection method can be further optimized to improve accuracy. At the same time, the research team is also in contact with some diagnostic companies, hoping to develop this simple test method into a test kit that medical staff can use directly. If all goes well, this test method can be available in about 5 years.
On March 24th, World Tuberculosis Day, WHO called on governments, communities, civil society and the private sector to “join to eliminate tuberculosisâ€. WHO and partners are promoting dialogue and cooperation, bringing individuals and communities together in new ways to end the tuberculosis epidemic. This research should be the best gift for this year's TB Day.
Peng Ma Ma attended the World Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Theme Promotion Day
Source: Singularity Network
Urinalysis test strips refer to test strips that test for bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketone bodies, ascorbic acid, glucose, protein (albumin), blood cells, PH, etc. in urine.
Detection principle
1. pH: The pH value in the range of 5-9 is measured by the pH indicator, and the pH value of the fresh urine of a normal person is between 5-7.
2. Nitrite: The reaction is based on the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Gram-positive bacteria in the urine. The nitrite reacts with p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid to form diazonium compounds, which are then combined with N-(1-naphthalene) )-3 aminopropanesulfonate combined with a pink color.
3. Glucose: According to the reaction principle of glucose oxidase, glucose oxidase specifically oxidizes glucose to generate glucuronic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Under the action of hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the indicator and turns color. .
Classification
Urinalysis test strips are divided into visual series and machine series. The visual inspection series is divided into several models according to different inspection items; the machine inspection series is divided into several models according to different applicable instruments.
1. Classification by measurement method
1) Visual inspection series
When observing the result, compare the color with the standard color code within the time specified on the color code, judge and read the result.
2) Machine test series.
For instrument operation, refer to the instruction manual of the Urine Analyzer used.
2. According to the number of measurement items
There are single-item, 2-item, 4-item and multiple test strips. Currently, 10-item or 11-item multiple test strips are most commonly used in hospitals.
3. Classification by structure
Urinalysis test strips with single-layer membrane structure and multi-layer membrane structure.
Urine Reagent Strips,Urine Test Strip,Urine Sugar Strip Test,Visual Urine Analysis Strips
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