Pruning of young trees
The pruning of young trees should be carried out in accordance with the principle of "focus on lightness, equal emphasis on shaping and results, and promote early yield increase". On the premise of arranging the backbone branches, the focus of pruning is to clean up a layer of densely packed branches and shape the tree. According to the planting density, the small canopy and sparse layered form (planting less than 80 plants per mu) and the free-spinning form (over 80 plants per mu) can be promoted.
Small crown sparse layer shape. Select 3 to 4 main branches on the first floor. After the selection, clean the densely packed branches that affect the growth of the backbone branches. Clean 1 to 2 branches every year, and strive to clean them out in 2 years.
Free spinning roe shape. Choose 3 to 4 small main branches each year, the main branches are about 20 cm apart, and the dense branches are appropriately thinned out.
First fruit tree pruning
The 5 to 8-year-old saplings have entered the fruiting period. The focus of pruning is to clean up the dense large branches between layers, improve the light conditions of the tree body, and gradually transition the fruiting parts to the backbone branches. The densely packed areas are cleaned up 2~3 every year, and strive to clean up in 3 years. After several years of adjustment and cleaning, the small crown sparse layer shape retains 5 main branches, 1 to 2 auxiliary branches, and the free-spinning shape retains 10 to 13 main branches.
Pruning of mature trees
The pruning of mature apple trees should aim at "improving the light, improving the quality of the branches, stabilizing high-quality and increasing yield". The focus of pruning is to thin out the large auxiliary branches, large lateral branches and large branch groups that are over two layers or more in batches. The large branches retained above the second floor extend outward as a whip, and the total branch volume accounts for less than 20% of the total branch volume of the whole tree to facilitate the illumination of the inner chamber of the first layer.
If the canopy is high, you should gradually fall down according to the strength of the tree, and keep the height of the tree below 3.5 meters; if the canopy has been handed over, the outer densely-squeezed branch group should be thinned out or transformed into a small branch group, and the branches should be shortened. , Slowly promote the inside, or change the direction and angle of the main side branches by turning the main head to change the direction and angle of the main side branches, so that the top, bottom, left and right are staggered, and the crown distance is kept about 1 meter to improve the lighting conditions of the group and individual. "The tree does not see the light and does not bear fruit, and the branches do not see the light and do not grow thick." In pruning, special attention should be paid to adjusting the light. Some large branches that affect the light must be resolutely eliminated and mercilessly.
Tree and branch balance
Unbalanced fruit trees will lead to difficulty in fruiting. As the saying goes, “one side is strong and the other is weak, and the strong and the weak do not bear fruit. The strong one loves the tree, the weak one does not see the flowers.†Pay attention to adjustments during pruning. We must not be strong or weak. Master-slave relationship: The main branch is 1/3 to 1/5 of the middle trunk, and the branches on the main branch should be 1/5 to 1/7 of the thickness of the main branch. Shrinking branches senescence cleverly, if there is no ability to bear fruit, rewind and update in time. Generally speaking, if the fruit does not pull the branches, it means senescence.
Cut off diseased branches and insect branches
According to investigations, many kinds of diseases and insect pests that harm apples live through the winter on the branches. For the pests and diseases that overwinter on the trees, combined with winter shears to thoroughly remove the pest branches and burn them or bury them deeply, the damage in the coming year can be significantly reduced.
Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If the legal rights of a third party are involved, please inform this website for processing. phone
Sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation automatic control equipment With the development of economy, water resources, energy shortage and labor cost increase, more and more water-saving irrigation systems will adopt automatic control. This article focuses on the advantages and classification of automated irrigation.
The advantages are as follows:
(1) It is possible to truly control the amount of irrigation, irrigation time and irrigation cycle in a timely and appropriate manner, thereby increasing crop yield and significantly improving water utilization.
(2) Saving labor and operating expenses.
(3) The work plan can be arranged conveniently and flexibly, and the management personnel do not have to go to the field at night or other inconvenient time.
(4) Since it can increase the effective working time every day, the initial capital investment in pipelines, pumping stations, etc. can be reduced accordingly.
classification:
First, fully automated irrigation system
The fully automated irrigation system does not require direct human involvement. The pre-programmed control procedures and certain parameters that reflect the water requirements of the crop can automatically open and close the pump for a long time and automatically irrigate in a certain order. The role of the person is simply to adjust the control program and overhaul the control equipment. In this system, in addition to emitters (heads, drip heads, etc.), pipes, fittings, pumps, and motors, it also includes central controllers, automatic valves, sensors (soil moisture sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, water level sensors, and rain sensors). Etc.) and wires.
Second, semi-automatic irrigation system
In the semi-automated irrigation system, no sensors are installed in the field. The irrigation time, irrigation volume and irrigation period are controlled according to pre-programmed procedures, rather than feedback based on crop and soil moisture and meteorological conditions. The degree of automation of such systems is very different. For example, some pump stations implement automatic control, and some pump stations use manual control. Some central controllers are only one timer with simple programming function, and some systems have no central control. The controller, but only some of the sequential switching valves or volume valves are installed on each branch pipe.
Automated irrigation is the trend of the times. In the future water-saving irrigation projects, more and more automated irrigation systems will be applied.
Degree Irrigation Nozzle,Irrigation for Agriculture,Impact Drive Sprinkler,Plastic Drip Irrigation Fittings
JIANGSU SKYPLAN GREENHOUSE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD , https://www.skyplantgreenhouse.com