Vegetable production is inseparable from fertilizer, but in the process of fertilization, vegetable farmers often cause root damage (burning roots, burning seedlings) due to excessive fertilizer use, improper fertilization methods, and application of incompletely decomposed manure, which cause ***** * Root diseases reduce the yield of vegetables and greatly reduce economic benefits.
Types of fertilizer damage
Concentration of chemical fertilizer is too high: One-time flushing and hole application of high-concentration chemical fertilizers, because the fertilizer is close to the root system, will cause difficulty in water absorption by the root system, cause the plant to undergo reverse osmosis, and affect the normal water absorption of the root system. The appearance is that the leaves are deformed or burned like boiling water, and then scorched. In severe cases, burned roots appear, and the plants wilt and die.
Air hazard: When ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or fresh organic fertilizer is applied in the greenhouse, and the shed is closed for a long time in continuous rainy days, and the air cannot be released in time, these fertilizers will decompose a large amount of ammonia gas, and at the same time, ammonium will be converted into sub-substance under the action of nitrous acid. Nitric acid, when the accumulated nitrous acid is gasified, it will produce toxic gas, which will harm the root system and leaves. Generally, the leaves in the middle and lower parts of the plant are seriously damaged. When the air damage is severe, brown spots appear between the veins, causing the plant to damage the roots and kill the seedlings.
Salt damage: It is mainly caused by the long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers, which causes the accumulation of salt in the topsoil layer, and the salinization of red frost, white alkali, and green moss. Because of the high salt content in the surface layer, vegetables do not take root or burn roots after planting, which is one of the main causes of dead trees in recent years.
Organic fertilizer for root burning: The application of unripe or incompletely decomposed manure, rice husk manure, cake fertilizer and other organic fertilizers in the vegetable stubble period will generate a lot of heat during the decomposing process, causing root burns and burning roots. Miao phenomenon. Due to the different maturity time of organic fertilizer, root burning and seedling burning can occur both in the seedling stage and the adult plant stage. Plants with light roots wilt at noon, and can recover sooner or later. If the water supply is insufficient in the later stage, the plants will wither, resembling bacterial wilt or fusarium wilt.
Prevention method
Soil testing and fertilization, on-demand supply: Soil testing is carried out before base fertilizer application, mainly to detect soil organic matter, macro-element nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements, and soil salt, chlorine, sodium content, etc. According to the results of soil testing, use fertilizer purposefully to avoid excessive fertilizer application to reduce the occurrence of fertilizer damage.
Increase the application of organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers: organic fertilizers have comprehensive nutrients and long-lasting fertilizer effects, which can quickly increase soil organic matter, improve soil, and effectively alleviate hardened and saline soil. Microbial fertilizers mainly use the life activities and metabolites of microbial bacteria to improve the soil in the greenhouse, reduce soil-borne diseases such as dead trees, increase the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, and improve the quality of fruits. In vegetable cultivation, it is recommended that vegetable growers apply microbial fertilizers that prevent diseases and promote growth through bottom application, hole application, flushing application, and root irrigation, to create a harmonious and stable soil microbial environment and inhibit soil-borne pathogens. The proliferation of trees reduces the occurrence of dead trees.
Organic fertilizer should be completely decomposed: It is recommended that vegetable farmers use manure composting agent to accelerate the decomposing of organic fertilizer and avoid burning roots and seedlings.
Once fertilizer damage occurs, no matter what type it is, measures must be taken to alleviate it in time to avoid the further development of symptoms and aggravate the occurrence of dead trees.
Strengthen ventilation: especially after the occurrence of air damage, it is necessary to ventilate in time, so that harmful gases can be emitted from the shed as soon as possible, even if it is cloudy, the air should be properly released. Properly increase the night temperature at night, increase the supply of carbon dioxide, and promote the rapid growth of plants.
Maintenance of roots and leaves: After burning roots and seedlings, the ability of roots and leaves to absorb nutrients decreases. Rooting agents and functional foliar fertilizers can be used to maintain roots and leaves, such as humic acids, amino acids, alginic acids, and crustaceans. Vegetables and other fertilizers, this type of fertilizer can not only stimulate the growth and robustness of the root system, but also improve the root growth environment, improve the disease resistance of the plant, and play a "health care" role. When the symptoms are more serious, growth regulators can be sprayed on the leaves to enhance the resistance of roots and leaves, and at the same time, pruning and thinning fruits appropriately to reduce nutrient consumption.
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