In midsummer, extreme natural disasters such as high temperature, high humidity, drought or heavy rainfall, frequent occurrence of diseases and insect pests, uncoordinated management of water and fertilizers, and other unfavorable factors often cause the phenomenon of falling flowers and falling crops, resulting in reduced production and income. Here are some of the causes and prevention and control measures that cause cowpeas to fall out of flower.
First, the temperature does not apply. The optimum temperature for the growth of cowpea is between 20-28°C, and it can also adapt to the high temperature of 30-40°C in the short term. The optimum temperature for flowering and scabbing is 25-28°C, and the ability of scabs to rise above 35°C is reduced, and it is easily caused by falling flowers in a continuously high temperature environment. Conditionally cover the shade net above the cultivation field to achieve the purpose of cooling, or use small water before and after the early morning or evening to reduce the temperature of the field microclimate, to provide relatively suitable temperature for the growth of cowpea.
Second, uneven drought and flood. Kidney beans are particularly sensitive to moisture during the early flowering period. Excessive water content can easily cause leggy and cause flowers to fall. A large amount of water is required during the pod harvest period. If the soil is hot and drought at this time, it will easily result in falling flowers. The water in the field, the soil moisture is too large, is not conducive to the growth of roots and root nodules, resulting in roots, rot, causing the leaves yellow off, leading to falling out of flower. In terms of management, when it encounters high temperature and drought, it must be watered and drought-resistant in time. In the period of podging, it is necessary to combine topdressing with watering and deeper application of compound fertilizer. In the event of heavy rain, it is necessary to dug ditches in time in the field to prevent floods.
Third, plant leggy. Cowpea is affected by high temperature in the early stage of growth, and it is easy to cause plants to grow. If the early stage does not pay attention to control, the plant grows quickly, easily causing the carbon and nitrogen ratio of the plant to be out of balance, and the nutrients cannot be supplied in a balanced manner. Between the leaves and the flowers, between flowers and flowers, Fruits and fruits compete for nutrients, resulting in falling flowers. In terms of management, the water and fertilizer control should be properly controlled in the early stage, and a management mode of “preceding control and promoting†should be adopted. During the period of high yield, it is necessary to top-up compound fertilizers with higher P and K contents. The supply of fertilizers and water should be increased to promote growth, more flowering, and more pods. In the middle and late stages, when the roots age, the leaves are sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate. There are obvious anti-drop and increase production effects.
Fourth, pests and diseases. During the whole growth period, cowpea has a high rate of inflorescence formation and flower buds, but it is the most susceptible pest in the flowering period. Bean pods are a major hazard to flowers and pods. Once they are damaged, they cause a large number of flowers to fall out. In addition, cowpea rust has great damage to the leaves, and if it is not treated in time, it can easily cause falls. In terms of management, when pests such as locusts, cowpea, cotton bollworm, and tobacco budworm were encountered, 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin were used to control pests. Kidney bean rust is selected from 20% Triadimefill 2000 times, or 10% World High Water Dispersible Granules 1500-2000 times, sprayed every 7-10 days, sprayed 2-3 times in succession.
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