In recent years, many areas in China have begun to explore the use of stray feeders, milking at milking stations and mechanization of operations such as feeding and defecation. This shows that China's dairy industry is moving toward factory and modernization. However, the floe feeding in our country is after all a start-up new thing, but also lacks experience, but also we need to study and solve some problems. According to the implementation of stray feeding practice in Shanghai Spark Farm, the following issues must be considered :
(1) Overall layout of cattle farms and design of cowsheds The overall layout of cattle farms is various cowsheds, milking parlors, feed areas (acquisition, processing, storage and supply of feeds), excreta disposal areas and other ancillary buildings and facilities. The connection between the location and each other should facilitate the most efficient and economical operation of the dairy cows in the future, and strive to reduce the walking distance of the cows, shorten the transportation distance of the workers' operations and feed, and avoid overlap and crossover of the manure and the net roads. In order to facilitate health and epidemic prevention; to reduce the pollution of feed and milk.
In the design of the barn, the stray barn is a place where the cows eat, drink, rest and move. The cowshed design should not only provide a healthy and comfortable environment for the cows, but also consider the convenience of workers' operations and require that the cost be reduced as much as possible.
(II) Operation and Management of Fences The operation and management of feeding dairy farms is different from traditional husbandry. The managers, technicians and workers must have a modern awareness and confidence in the new feeding mode. It is necessary to establish a team of leaders and workers who know how to raise cattle and master mechanical operations. Afterwards, through rigorous labor combination and labor management, the enthusiasm of all staff is mobilized to achieve the expected business objectives.
(C) Feeding and management of strays Feeding changes to the traditional fine individual discriminatory treatment, for the group to raise the difference. Each breeder usually manages up to 100 cows, and the grouping and grouping of cows is an important part. The cows that are born and raised, cows with dry cows, high lactation, late lactation, and different stages of growth and development should be reasonably grouped and adjusted in time. Before the cows are grouped, basic work such as the determination of milk production and body condition assessment must be done. The size of each group should be compatible with the cowshed structure, milking equipment, etc.
Legshoe disease is generally considered to be one of the main diseases for feeding studs to dairy cows. As the cows have more walking opportunities, they have longer soaked excreta time and more leg and foot disease. According to the experience of Shanghai Spark Farm, the material of the cattle channel and the cattle bed should be made of soft and dry materials; the interval between the treatment of excreta and urine in the cattle house should be 1-2 times per day depending on the circumstances; the regular medicinal bath in the hoofs and the hoof type should be regularly renovated. Timely treatment of hooves. The above measures can be controlled. The author saw a lot of dairy farms abroad with wood chips bedding, or rubber padded or leak seam floor to prevent hoof disease.
Under the rearing conditions of the flocks, the cattle are free to stay up all night and do not have a fixed bed. This poses certain difficulties in the inspection of heat. In addition to strengthening the responsibility of the breeding staff and increasing the number of estrus observations, they must also introduce new technologies and new methods. Foreign countries have adopted computerized surveillance tracking cameras, or used trial cattle, synchronous estrus technology.
(4) Supporting Machinery and Machinery Management Feeding in studs is a highly efficient modern production method. Dairy farms must be equipped with a series of mechanical equipment and must be supported by Jackie Chan in order to maximize the efficiency of mechanized production. This is an important guarantee for successful stray feeding. In some domestic dairy farms, stunt feeding has poor results, and it is not unreasonable to insist on the use of mechanical equipment because of the lack of matching or performance. Some dairy farms use imported machinery and equipment, but they should also study the localization of spare parts as soon as possible so as to avoid supporting them when parts and components are worn out.
Dispensing dairy farms should be equipped with mechanical management and maintenance personnel. According to Shanghai's experience, placing mechanical maintenance personnel on part-time jobs in each operation group will have better results than setting up a separate mechanical repair department. On the other hand, it will avoid operators' complete dependence on mechanical repair workers, and it will help the daily routine of equipment. Maintenance and repairs.
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